Joni
Virkkunen

Expertise

Migration processes

• Migration drivers

  • International relations and geopolitical transformations
  • Personal resources and migration experience
  • Migrant aspirations and attitudes

• Migration forms

  • Refugees
  • Asylum seekers
  • Transnational migration
  • Labour migration
  • Irregular migration

• Migration infrastructures

  • Human smugglers
  • Agents, brokers, and other businesses in travel & migration

Migration consequences (for migrants, sending and receiving countries)

• Socio-cultural consequences

  • Racism, xenophobia and discrimination
  • Diasporas and transnational communities
  • Interethnic contact and conflict

• Socio-economic consequences

  • Migrant businesses and entrepreneurship
  • Socio-economic inequality, mobility and migration

• Transversal consequences

  • Spatial consequences
  • Migrant networks

• Legal-political consequences

  • Extremism and migration
  • Crime

Migration governance

• Governance actors

  • National governmental and state institutions
  • Private companies and business
  • Knowledge producers and providers

• Immigrant policy and law

  • Integration policies (legal, political, socio-economic, cultural) and access to services

• Migration policy and law

  • Policies on irregular migration
  • Policies on low and semi-skilled labour migration
  • Border control

• Governance processes

  • Implementation
  • Criminalisation

Disciplines

• Disciplines

  • Criminology
  • Demography
  • Geography
  • International Relations
  • Political Science
  • Sociology

• Subject Areas

  • Area Studies
  • Ethnic Studies
  • Governance and Public Administration
  • Peace and Conflict studies

Methods

• Qualitative research

  • Interviews / FGD / Oral history
  • Qualitative text analysis and content analysis and document analysis (incl. policy analysis)
  • Ethnography and grounded theory
  • Observation (participant and non-participant)

Geographies

• Scope

  • Global
  • National

• UN Countries

  • Afghanistan
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Russian Federation
  • Tajikistan