Integration policies (legal, political, socio-economic, cultural) and access to services

Results displayed in this section refer to research on policies, laws, legislation, regulation or measures concerning integration. There is no consensus on a single definition for integration. This category includes the different aspects linked to the social inclusion and the integration of migrants (any category of migrant, i.e. immigrant, asylum seeker, refugee) into the host society. It includes the following dimensions: legal, political, socio-economic, cultural, religious, linguistic, civic. For example, political rights, voting rights and rights to access welfare, social benefits, health and social care are included. In addition, access to education, labour market and employment and other citizens’ rights are part of this category. Results displayed under this category also include synonymous terms such as acculturation and assimilation and other types of policies such as multiculturalism. 

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Is there really a retreat from multiculturalism policies? New evidence from the multiculturalism policy index

Authors Keith Banting, Will Kymlicka
Year 2013
Journal Name COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN POLITICS
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1 Journal Article

Should Interculturalism Replace Multiculturalism? A Plea for Complementariness

Authors Francois Levrau, P Loobuyck, François Levrau, ...
Year 2013
Journal Name ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
Citations (WoS) 2
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2 Journal Article

Managing superdiversity : examining the intercultural policy turn in Europe

Authors Leila HADJ-ABDOU, Andrew GEDDES
Year 2017
Journal Name [Migration Policy Centre]
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3 Journal Article

Intercultural policy and multi-level governance in Barcelona: mainstreaming comprehensive approach

Authors Ricard Zapata-Barrero
Year 2017
Journal Name International Review of Administrative Sciences
Citations (WoS) 3
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4 Journal Article

Matters of Control: Integration Tests, Naturalisation Reform and Probationary Citizenship in the United Kingdom

Authors Dora Kostakopoulou
Year 2010
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 55
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5 Journal Article

The failure of state multiculturalism in the UK? An analysis of the UK’s multicultural policy for 2000–2015

Authors Félix Mathieu, Felix Mathieu
Year 2018
Journal Name Ethnicities
Citations (WoS) 2
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6 Journal Article

Multicultural Policy Index

Description
The Multiculturalism Policy Index assesses the government commitment to the multicultural accommodation of newcomers. It is designed to monitor the evolution of multicultural policies across 21 Western countries. The Multiculturalism Policy Index is distinctive in focusing exclusively on multicultural policies designed to recognize, accommodate and support the cultural differences of minority groups. To capture change over time, the Index provides all three indices at three points in time: 1980, 2000 and 2010. Multicultural Policy Index is based on eight indicators: (i) constitutional, legislative or parliamentary affirmation of multiculturalism, at the central and/or regional and municipal levels; (ii) the adoption of multiculturalism in school curriculum; (iii) the inclusion of ethnic representation/sensitivity in the mandate of public media or media licensing; (iv) exemptions from dress codes, either by statute or by court cases; (v) allowing of dual citizenship; (vi) the funding of ethnic group organizations to support cultural activities; (vii) the funding of bilingual education or mother-tongue instruction; (viii) affirmative action for disadvantaged immigrant groups On each indicator, countries are scored as 0 (no such policy), 0.5 (partial) or 1.0 (clear policy). The scores are then aggregated, with equal weighting for each area (‘recognition’ (Indicators 1–3), ‘accommodation’(Indicators 4–5) and ‘support’ (Indicators 6–8), and producing a country score ranging from 0 to 8.
Year 2011
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7 Data Set

Trade-Offs between Equality and Difference: Immigrant Integration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State in Cross-National Perspective

Principal investigator Ruud Koopmans (Principal Investigator)
Description
"Theoretical background and objectives This project explores how policies regarding immigrant rights and welfare state regimes have affected the socio-economic integration of immigrants. Most of the literature on immigrant integration assumes that the granting of easy access of immigrants to citizenship rights and government recognition and support for cultural diversity promote the socio-economic integration of immigrants. At the same time, existing work (e.g., Borjas, van Tubergen) has shown that immigrants with low human capital resources tend to migrate preferably to countries with equal income distributions and extensive social security protection. This raises the question whether immigrant integration policies that grant easy access to citizenship rights, and thus also full access to welfare state rights, might have the unintended consequence that they produce a high rate of dependence of immigrants on welfare state arrangements and attendant socio-economic marginalisation in other domains. If integration policies in addition do not demand cultural assimilation (e.g., in the domain of language) the risk of lower-skilled immigrants to become dependent on welfare benefits may further increase. This hypothesis of an interaction effect between integration policies and welfare state regimes is confronted with cross-national data on labour market participation, residential segregation, and imprisonment of immigrants. Where possible, these comparisons are controlled for cross-national differences in the composition of immigrant populations by drawing on comparative data for particular ethnic groups. The analysis includes eight West European countries that have turned into immigration countries at roughly the same time in the 1960s and early 1970s, where institutions have therefore had several decades to affect integration outcomes. They vary both strongly regarding integration policies (including the highest, Sweden, and the second lowest scoring country, Austria, in the 2007 Migrant Integration Policy Index) and regarding welfare state regimes (with Sweden and the United Kingdom at the extremes). Research design, data and methodology The study relies on various indicators of immigrant rights, prevalent typologies and indicators of welfare state regimes, and data from the European Labour Force Survey, International Prison Statistics, as well as results from a large number of previous studies on immigrants' labour market participation, residential segregation and imprisonment. To control for composition effects, the labour market data refer to immigrants from non-EU countries, and for specific country contrasts specific ethnic groups (Turks and ex-Yugoslavs). Residential segregation data refer to a few dozen European cities, partly referring to specific ethnic groups (e.g., Turks, Maghrebians, Caribbeans, Pakistani) and partly to more general categories (Muslims, foreigners, immigrants). Findings Across the three domains of socio-economic integration a consistent cross-national patterns is found (with the exception of residential segregation in the United Kingdom) in which the gap or the degree of segregation between immigrants and the native population is largest in the countries that combine easy access to citizenship rights and a large degree of accommodation of cultural differences with a relatively encompassing and generous welfare state (Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium). Both the United Kingdom, which combines inclusive integration policies with low welfare state provision levels, and the three Germanophone countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland), which combine restrictive policies with – at least in the German and Austrian cases – moderately strong welfare states, show relatively small gaps between immigrants and natives. These findings are confirmed for contrast comparisons for specific ethnic groups. For instance, compared to the native population, Turks in the Netherlands have much lower rates of labour market participation than German Turks, and similarly ex-Yugoslavs in Austria perform much better than those in Sweden. Because the results are mostly based on aggregate data – although some of the studies that are used do control for individual-level variables – they need to be further tested by taking individual and local context data more systematically into account. This will be one of the aims of the analyses in the context of project 6.3 further below."
Year 2009
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8 Project

Trade-Offs between Equality and Difference: Immigrant Integration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State in Cross-National Perspective

Authors Ruud Koopmans, R Koopmans
Year 2010
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 203
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10 Journal Article

Symbolic boundaries, incorporation policies, and anti-immigrant attitudes: what drives exclusionary policy preferences?

Authors Boris Heizmann
Year 2016
Journal Name Ethnic and Racial Studies
Citations (WoS) 5
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11 Journal Article

Civic Integration as Symbolic Politics: Insights from Austria

Authors Julia Mourão Permoser, Julia Mourao Permoser
Year 2012
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
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12 Journal Article

Beyond the Dutch “Multicultural Model”

Authors J. W. Duyvendak, P. W. A. Scholten
Year 2010
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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13 Journal Article

A way forward? The impact of interculturalism on intergroup relations in culturally diverse nations

Authors Kumar Yogeeswaran, Maykel Verkuyten, Breanne Ealam
Year 2020
Journal Name GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS
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14 Journal Article

European Immigrant Integration After Multiculturalism

Authors Christian Joppke
Book Title Global Migration Issues
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15 Book Chapter

Does Multiculturalism Inhibit Intercultural Dialogue? Evidence from the Antipodes

Authors Geoffrey Brahm Levey
Year 2021
Journal Name Journal of Citizenship and Globalisation Studies
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17 Journal Article

Backlash: The Unintended Effects of Language Prohibition in U.S. Schools after World War I

Authors Vasiliki Fouka
Year 2020
Journal Name Review of Economic Studies
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18 Journal Article

Beyond Appearances: Citizenship Tests in Canada and the UK

Authors Mireille Paquet
Year 2012
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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19 Journal Article

Combining intercultural dialogue and critical multiculturalism

Authors Christian Stokke, Lena Lybaek, Lena Lybæk
Year 2018
Journal Name Ethnicities
Citations (WoS) 1
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20 Journal Article

From a Migrant Integration of Distinction to a Multiculturalism of Inclusion

Authors In-Jin Yoon
Book Title Global Migration Issues
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21 Book Chapter

Host Culture Adoption and Ethnic Retention among Turkish Immigrants and their Descendants in France, Germany, and the Netherlands

Principal investigator Ruud Koopmans (Principal Investigator)
Description
"Theoretical background and objectives The project contributes to societal and scientific debate by examining the relationship between integration policies and the socio-cultural integration of immigrants in three European countries that have pursued contrasting integration policies: France, Germany and the Netherlands. Socio-cultural integration is treated as a two-dimensional concept consisting of the degree of host culture adoption and the degree of ethnic retention. Following Berry (1997) these two dimensions are seen as – at least potentially – independent. Both dimensions are measured on the basis of four indicators. The degree of host culture adoption is measured as identification with the host country, host country language proficiency, host country language usage and social contacts with natives. The degree of ethnic retention is measured as identification with Turks, Turkish language proficiency, identification with Muslims and the observance of Islamic religious rules (halal diet, participation in Ramadan, mosque visits and headscarf wearing). The project tests several theories of immigrant assimilation in a cross-national perspective: theories em­phasis­ing material costs and benefits of retention and adoption, which claim that assimilation pressures will lead to adoption of the host culture and multicultural policies will promote ethnic retention; acculturative stress theories that pose that adoption is less likely to occur if it is seen as requiring the rejection of the culture of origin; and reactive ethnicity theories, which assume that immigrants withdraw in their ethnic cultures if they face assimilation pressures. In addition, the project pays special attention to naturalisation policies: Based on the widespread assumption that easily accessible citizenship promotes socio-cultural integration, two hypotheses are tested. First, whether naturalised immigrants display higher levels of socio-cultural integration than non-naturalised immigrants. Second, whether immigrants in countries with few preconditions for naturalisation show higher levels of socio-cultural integration. Research design, data and methodology Most previous comparative studies have not been able to control sufficiently for compositional effects related to the timing of immigration and the national and regional composition of immigrant populations. By choosing a quasi-experimental design, the project sought to eliminate such composition effects as far as possible. Therefore, original data were collected based on a telephone survey in the three countries that targeted a selected group of Turkish immigrants and their direct offspring originating in two rural regions of Turkey, who migrated before 1975. Thus, the sample (n = 1 000) excludes all follow-up migration of Turkish refugees and marriage migrants, which occurred to varying degrees in the three countries, and ensures that we are comparing similar immigrants in the three countries, and not predominantly urban Turkish guest workers from Istanbul in one country to Kurdish refugees in another country. All respondents had the option to answer the questionnaire either in Turkish or in their host-country language. The survey data were analysed using multivariate regression techniques, and took into account a range of individual-level control variables as well as the local density of the Turkish immigrant population. The quantitative findings were corroborated and refined with almost 90 additional in-depth interviews. Findings Results show that ethnic retention is strongest in the Netherlands, where multicultural policies were long prevalent, while host culture adoption is strongest in the French context, which has more strongly emphasised assimilation, at least where participation in the public realm is concerned. On the individual level, there is a negative relationship between ethnic retention and host culture adoption, which persists after controlling for relevant background variables. Naturalisation is positively associated with socio-cultural integration only in those countries—France and Germany—that have traditionally required a certain degree of cultural assimilation from their new citizens. Regarding country differences, the analyses reveal that Turkish immigrants in France show higher levels of host culture adoption on all four indicators. For host-country identification, they share this position with Dutch Turks. Taken together, these results provide no support for reactive ethnicity theories, as ethnic retention was strongest in the Netherlands, where citizenship policies have been most inclusive. They do provide support for a combination of material cost/benefit perspectives and acculturative stress perspectives, as neither a lack of incentives for adoption of the host culture (as was long the case in the Netherlands) nor very restrictive citizenship policies that promote an ethnically thick conception of citizenship (as long prevalent in Germany) have been successful in seducing immigrants to adopt the host culture. The results show that limited cultural assimilation conditions tied to an otherwise inclusive notion of citizenship (as in France) may be more helpful in promoting socio-cultural integration, but they also demonstrate that the allowance of dual nationality does not have the negative effects that are sometimes ascribed to it."
Year 2004
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22 Project

UNITY IN DIVERSITY?

Authors Irene Bloemraad
Year 2007
Journal Name Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
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23 Journal Article

Integration policy: Cultural transmission with endogenous fertility

Authors Sagit Bar-Gill, C Fershtman, Chaim Fershtman
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
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24 Journal Article

Między multikulturalizmem a asymilacją? Polityki integracyjne w Europie

Year 2008
Book Title Problems of immigrants’ integration. Concepts, research, politics
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25 Book Chapter

Does Multiculturalism Inhibit Intercultural Dialogue? Evidence from the Antipodes

Authors Geoffrey Brahm Levey
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Citizenship and Globalisation Studies
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26 Journal Article

Dutch immigrant policies before and after the Van Gogh murder

Authors Rinus Penninx
Year 2006
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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28 Journal Article

Authenticity or skill-oriented individualism, neutrality or managerialism: diversity officers as modern public officials

Authors Maria Schiller
Year 2017
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 1
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29 Journal Article

Influence of an Intercultural Factor on the Formation of Sociocultural Capital of a Polyethnic City

Authors Iryna Bukrieieva, Liudmyla Afanasieva
Year 2020
Journal Name FUDAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
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30 Journal Article

How Does the Majority Public React to Multiculturalist Policies? A Comparative Analysis of European Countries

Authors Marc Hooghe, Thomas de Vroome
Year 2015
Journal Name American Behavioral Scientist, 2014, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 1614-1633
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31 Journal Article

Civic Integration Policies in Central Europe: The Case of the Czech Republic

Authors Anna Simbartlová
Year 2019
Journal Name Der Donauraum
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33 Journal Article

Superdiversity, multiculturalism and local policies: a study on European cities

Authors Maurizio Ambrosini
Year 2017
Journal Name Policy & Politics
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34 Journal Article

The exclusionary side effects of the civic integration paradigm: boundary processes among youth in Swiss schools

Authors Kerstin Duemmler
Year 2015
Journal Name Identities
Citations (WoS) 4
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35 Journal Article

Welfare Attitudes Towards Anti-poverty Policies in China: Economical Individualism, Social Collectivism and Institutional Differences

Authors Qiu Cheng, Kinglun Ngok
Year 2020
Journal Name SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
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36 Journal Article

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

Authors Dirk Gebhardt
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 13
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37 Journal Article

Young Adults’ Attitudes Towards Multiculturalism in Australia: Tensions between the Multicultural State and the Intercultural Citizen

Authors Kathleen Blair
Year 2015
Journal Name Journal of Intercultural Studies
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38 Journal Article

Comparing Radical Right Parties in Government: Immigration and Integration Policies in Nine Countries (1996-2010)

Authors Tjitske Akkerman
Year 2012
Journal Name WEST EUROPEAN POLITICS
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40 Journal Article

Public Attitudes Towards Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Australia

Authors Amanuel Elias, Fethi Mansouri, Reem Sweid
Year 2020
Journal Name JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION
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41 Journal Article

Urban Multiculturalism beyond the ‘Backlash’: New Discourses and Different Practices in Immigrant Policies across European Cities

Authors Maurizio Ambrosini, Paolo Boccagni
Year 2015
Journal Name Journal of Intercultural Studies
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43 Journal Article

The Ghost in the Machine: An Overview and Analysis of British Multiculturalism

Authors KArolina Czerska-Shaw
Year 2017
Journal Name Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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44 Journal Article

Measuring the Cultural Dimension of Migrant Integration and Integration Policy in the European Context: Dilemmas and Discussions(1)

Authors Marcin Gonda, Marta Pachocka, Karolina Podgorska
Year 2020
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
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45 Journal Article

Integration policy : Netherlands country report

Authors Fenya FISCHLER
Description
This paper describes the policy framework regarding the integration of migrants in the Netherlands. The Dutch government has not enacted a specific integration policy but instead has a strategic focus on participation and social diversity in general, with a particular focus on the importance of shared core national values in the integration of migrants. Two particular policy tools are discussed, starting with the compulsory civic integration system, which includes language and cultural elements and is compulsory. Civic integration tests are arranged in the countries of origin and since 2013, migrants have been required to cover the costs of their own courses and examinations. Second, the so-called “participation agreements” are described and discussed, which, in line with the Dutch emphasis on shared national values, aim to enforce acceptance of particular fundamental norms of Dutch society on newcomers. Finally, the report concludes with a brief discussion of the role of domestic organisations in supporting migrants, followed by a succinct overview of the current popular debates concerning migration in the Netherlands.
Year 2014
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46 Report

Integration Policies in Spain and Sweden: Do They Matter for Migrants' Economic Integration and Socio-Cultural Participation?

Authors Eleftherios Giovanis, Sacit Hadi Akdede
Year 2021
Journal Name SAGE OPEN
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47 Journal Article

SOCIO-POLITICAL YOUTH MASCULINTIES IN MULTICULTURALISM

Authors Maria Luisa Quintero Soto, Jorge Hernandez Valdes, Cruz Garcia Lirios
Year 2018
Journal Name REVISTA INCLUSIONES
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48 Journal Article

The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept

Authors Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas, Rinus Penninx
Book Title Integration Processes and Policies in Europe
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49 Book Chapter

Multicultural tensions in the military? Evidence from the Netherlands armed forces

Authors Femke Bosman, JL Soeters, Rudy Richardson, ...
Year 2007
Journal Name International Journal of Intercultural Relations
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50 Journal Article

Is Czechia an immigration country? Evidence from civic integration policies

Authors Anna Lukešová
Year 2023
Journal Name Problemy Polityki Społecznej Studia i Dyskusje
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51 Journal Article

IMMIGRATION CONTROL IN DISGUISE? Civic Integration Policies and Immigrant Admission

Authors Anton Ahlen, Frida Borang
Year 2018
Journal Name Nordic Journal of Migration Research
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52 Journal Article

Examining 'Postmulticultural' and Civic Turns in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, and Denmark

Authors Nasar Meer, Per Mouritsen, Daniel Faas, ...
Year 2015
Journal Name American Behavioral Scientist
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53 Journal Article

Segmented assimilation and socio-economic integration of Chinese immigrant children in the USA

Authors Min Zhou, M Zhou
Year 2014
Journal Name Ethnic and Racial Studies
Citations (WoS) 10
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54 Journal Article

European Cities in Search of Knowledge for Their Integration Policies

Authors Rinus Penninx
Book Title Integrating Immigrants in Europe
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55 Book Chapter

Interculturalism or multiculturalism?

Authors Charles Taylor
Year 2012
Journal Name PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL CRITICISM
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56 Journal Article

Model of Civic Integration of Immigrants in Europe: Case of Austria and the Czech Republic

Principal investigator Anna Lukešová (Principal Investigator)
Description
Civic integration represents a modern phenomenon in the field of integration of immigrants in Europe. Until the end of the 20th century, integration policies in Europe were perceived from the point of view of national models characteristic for particular countries. However, at the turn of the century, a new approach to integration policies, which is referred to as civic integration, emerged. It is used by countries whose traditional approaches to immigrant integration have varied considerably. And, as this work points out, the model is further extending to Central European countries, which are tackling with some degree of immigration as well. The research aims at studying the implementation of the civic integration model in Central Europe, on the example of Austria and the Czech Republic. It will focus on issues of multilevel governance in the field of civic integration in the countries concerned, with an emphasis on the role of local governments in the process of policy making and implementation, and their comparison. The research will use documentary analysis as well as semi-structured interviews and participant observation of integration activities themselves. The outputs of the project are to contribute to the widening of knowledge about the use of civic integration measures in countries that are not sufficiently covered in the scientific debate. The results of the research will also be used in the dissertation work of the principal researcher.
Year 2019
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57 Project

Integration of migrant women in the EU and Norway: Policies and measures

Authors European Migration Network (EMN)
Description
This EMN study documents if and to what extent EU Member States consider the distinct situation of migrant women in their integration policies and measures. This study focuses on the integration of migrant women in the main sectorial areas covered by the EU Action plan on Integration and Inclusion 2021-2027 including education and training, employment and skills, health and housing as these are considered by the Action Plan as the basis for societal integration. In this study the term ‘integration’ is used in a broad sense to encompass integration and inclusion policies and measures addressing migrant women. Integration policies refer to targeted integration strategies and action plans but also broader policy instruments relevant to the integration of migrant women such as sector specific governmental programmes (health, education, employment, housing, etc.). Measures include systematic initiatives (multi-year / long term), projects (ad-hoc) and legislative (structural) measures that are used to implement the integration policies (including those funded by government but implemented by NGOs on behalf of the government). A majority of EU Member States have integration policies in place, however, only a few specifically address women in their national integration policies. Responsibility for integration policies is shared between national, regional and local levels in the majority of EU Member States. Labour market integration of migrant women is one of the main topics of debate across EU Member States. Other challenges raised included discrimination, a lack of social networks, limited access to childcare and other family constraints. Member States overall acknowledged the need for specific policies relevant for integration tailored to migrant women. Most EU Member States have developed dedicated policies that address the integration of migrant women mainly in relation to accessing the labour market and civic integration, followed by language training, education and health. The majority of Member States did not develop specific integration policies, or adapt existing ones, to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant women. However, several Member States were planning new policies or changes to existing ones to further enhance the integration of migrant women, including to address the impact of COVID-19.
Year 2022
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58 Report

CIVIX - Civic Integration

Description
The civic integration policy index (CIVIX) addresses civic integration requirements in EU-15. It analyses three target civic knowledge areas (country knowledge, language and values) for entry, settlement and citizenship acquisition. The scale of the CIVIX is 0 to 6: a high score indicates ‘thick’ citizenship content. A low score represents ‘thin’ citizenship content, with minimal or easy content requirements for obtaining status. The coding of requirements takes into account four distinct dimensions: the category of third-country nationals accountable, specifically family unification; whether civic conditions are required for entry, settlement or citizenship; the number of requirements across the civic targets of country knowledge, language and values, including integration courses, tests, contracts, oath ceremonies and interviews; and, finally, the severity of requirements along the path to citizenship (for example, a ‘high’ level of language proficiency or cost). This dimension is also reflected in point valuation, where more points are assigned to language and knowledge requirements at the settlement stage than at naturalisation, where a longer period of residency engenders greater linguistic and knowledge competence. In order to understand the ‘depth’ of current citizenship content and the degree of policy change over time, values were assigned for each of the 17 countries in 1997 and 2009 respectively.
Year 2009
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59 Data Set

Towards a Contextual Conception of Social Integration in eu Immigration Law. Comments on P & S and K & A

Authors Daniel Thym
Year 2016
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
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60 Journal Article

Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Migrants' Socio-Economic Integration in Urban China: Evidence from CMDS

Authors Jing Zou, Xiaojun Deng
Year 2021
Journal Name SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
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61 Journal Article

Superdiversity and the Everyday

Authors Amanda Wise
Year 2022
Book Title The Oxford Handbook of Superdiversity
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62 Book Chapter

Governing diversity: Dutch political parties' preferences on the role of the state in civic integration policies

Authors Saskia Bonjour
Year 2013
Journal Name Citizenship studies
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63 Journal Article

Recognizing the complexity beyond traditional multiculturalism

Authors Dirk Geldof
Year 2021
Journal Name Migration und Soziale Arbeit
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64 Journal Article

Despite the crisis: The resilience of intercultural nationalism in Catalonia

Authors Daniele Conversi, Sanjay Jeram
Year 2017
Journal Name International Migration
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65 Journal Article

Language Use and Social Inclusion in International Retirement Migration

Authors Per Gustafson, P Gustafson, Ann Elisabeth Laksfoss Cardozo, ...
Year 2017
Journal Name Social Inclusion
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66 Journal Article

Testing the liberal subject: (in)security, responsibility and ‘self-improvement’ in the UK citizenship test

Authors Joseph Turner
Year 2014
Journal Name Citizenship Studies
Citations (WoS) 21
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67 Journal Article

Can interculturalism complement multiculturalism?

Authors Tariq Modood
Year 2021
Journal Name Multicultural Education Review
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68 Journal Article

The Impact of Integration Policies on Immigrant Outcomes: Cross-country Evidence from EU

Description
The proposed research will study the impact of different integration policies in European context. The labor market outcomes of the first generation immigrants, the educational outcomes of the second generation and intergenerational mobility will be explored. The cross country variation in labor market outcomes of first generation immigrants is determined by two factors: (1) selection of immigrants that determines the set of observed and unobserved characteristics that immigrants bring to a host country, (2) integration that determines how a given set of characteristics are valued in the host country. This study is going to identify the impact of integration independent of selection effects using a natural experiment. This natural experiment is the mass recruitment of Turkish workers by European countries during 1960s and 1970s that dispersed individuals with similar characteristics across various countries. The second part of the project will provide evidence on the educational outcomes of second generation immigrants from the same source country. Using an internationally comparable data set of 15-year-old students the study will focus on the immigrant students’ performance in mathematics, reading, science and problem-solving skills and provide evidence on the cross country variation in their outcomes. Using the data on educational attainment of parents intergenerational linkages will be explored to assess the extent of upward mobility in these countries. Thus, this study will be exploring integration with a multi generational perspective and highlighting differences in outcomes across host countries for individuals with similar backgrounds. These results will inform the discussions about the best practices for integration both at EU and national levels.
Year 2010
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69 Project

Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator?

Authors ROBERT WALKER, GRACE BANTEBYA KYOMUHENDO, ELAINE CHASE, ...
Year 2013
Journal Name Journal of Social Policy
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71 Journal Article

How does interculturalism facilitate diversity incorporation into the cultural policy mainstream? Montreal’s case study

Authors Ricard Zapata-Barrero
Year 2017
Journal Name Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture
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72 Journal Article

Civic Integration Policies in Central Europe: The Case of the Czech Republic

Authors Anna Simbartlová
Year 2019
Journal Name Der Donauraum
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73 Journal Article

Integration Requirements for Integration's Sake? Identifying, Categorising and Comparing Civic Integration Policies

Authors Sara Wallace Goodman
Year 2010
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
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74 Journal Article

Dutch ‘Multiculturalism’ Beyond the Pillarisation Myth

Authors Maarten P. Vink
Year 2007
Journal Name Political Studies Review
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75 Journal Article

Suspect community or suspect category? The impact of counter-terrorism as ‘policed multiculturalism’

Authors Francesco Ragazzi
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 23
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76 Journal Article

Evaluation of Immigration- and Integration Policies

Principal investigator Daniel Auer (Principal Investigator ), Flavia Fossati (Principal Investigator ), Carlos Vargas-Silva (Principal Investigator ), Stefanie Kurt (Principal Investigator ), Dennis Egger (Principal Investigator ), Johannes Kunz (Principal Investigator ), Damaris Rose (Principal Investigator )
Description
"In this project, we investigate the (sometimes unintended) consequences of policies that have been implemented to regulate immigration and to subsequently facilitate the socio-economic integration of newly arrived immigrants. (1) Networks: First, we exploit a natural experiment in Switzerland, where asylum seekers are randomly assigned to cantons. This immigration policy can be regarded as a transparent and neutral way of distributing refugees across a country to “share a burden”. At the same time, such restrictions regarding free movement within a country come with hefty consequences for the persons affected. On the one hand, a large share of jobs are found through referrals within social networks: in the US, for instance, around 30-60% (Bewley, 2007). At least since Granovetter (1973), a rich theoretical literature has rationalized this fact by modelling networks as non-market institutions that help overcome information frictions inherent in the labor market. From workers' perspective, networks grant their members preferential access to information on high-quality job openings, e.g. as in Calvo-Armengol and Jackson (2004). On the firm side, networks may help alleviate the asymmetric information problem in hiring leading potentially to a better job-match, e.g. as in Beaman and Magruder (2012). In our study, we focus on the value of social networks from the perspective of workers. Swiss asylum policy provides a unique natural experiment to study the effects of social networks on labor market outcomes. Because of the truly exogenous placement, long horizon over which the policy was in place and the large sample size, we can delve deeper into the mechanisms of how social networks affect labor market integration than previous studies have done and look at network structure beyond simply its size. Our findings will enable us to distinguish among a large set of theoretical models of the value of networks from the point of view of individual job seekers. (2) Maternity: At the same time, such immigration policies also affect the social integration of immigrants and, in our case, individual health and wellbeing. Specifically, we exploit the same unique setting to assess the relevance of information on infants' health. Random allocation of asylum seekers in Switzerland allows us to first, study the spatial differences in health care provision across the country. Further, by exploiting that French-speaking refugees are randomly placed in French- or non-French-speaking regions, we can credibly identify the language-match-health-gap, based on refugees that do not speak French as a control group and placed on either side of the language border (in a Difference in Differences framework). By extending the language to a novel (continuous) measure of language distance, we are able to factor out country of origin effects using bi-lateral regressions. A second strand of policies targets the (economic) integration of immigrants and generally of persons outside the labor market. A common approach is to provide measures, so-called Active Labor Market Programs (ALMP) that enhance a jobseeker’s employability (e.g., through additional human capital) or that keep a person close to the labor market through occupational programs. (3) Access Bias: Some measures, however, can negatively affect labor market outcomes, such as unemployment duration and post-unemployment wages, because of factors such as human capital deprivation or lock-in effects. Based on encompassing registry data that allow researchers to control for usually unobserved employability variables, we find evidence of a systematic access bias whereby caseworkers in Switzerland assign unemployed immigrants to activation measures based on what we call a competition logic that is mainly driven by and conforms to an economic rationale and the job center’s performance evaluation. From the perspective of immigrants’ labor market integration, this may be problematic because it results in an overrepresentation of immigrants in measures with little efficacy rather than in measures that could compensate for (some of) their employability disadvantages. Conversely, we find that Swiss citizens are relatively advantaged in the ability to access more measures that promote human capital enhancement (compensation logic) and that have been shown to be successful tools for labor market reintegration. It is plausible that a stronger reliance on the competition logic by caseworkers and the consequential overrepresentation of migrants in low-efficacy measures amplifies migrants’ general labor market disadvantages. (4) Priming: This rather negative stance on integration measures in the form of ALMPs is further advanced by a study where we present indications that ALMP participants are pushed into lower paying jobs compared to equally qualified non-participants. In this study on the effect of subjective beliefs on employment outcomes we find that the employment chances one year after the start of unemployment increase for both ALMP participants and non-participants when self-control and employment beliefs are high. In contrast, higher initial reservation wages increase employment chances for non-participants but substantially reduce them for ALMP participants. Previous studies have shown that beneficial effects of activation measures are often abrogated by lock-in effects, human capital deprivation, and/or negative signals to prospective employers, all of which are particularly harmful for highly skilled workers and higher-paying jobs. We argue that these detrimental effects ultimately push ALMP participants into jobs below their expected salary, where the negative consequences of activation measures are less pronounced. (5) Heterogeneity: A related aspect that is crucial from an integration perspective is whether such effects of ALMPs differ across groups, that is, whether the participation of “natives” turns out to have different consequences for their labor market performance compared to participating immigrants. In this study, we argue that effect heterogeneity between native and migrant participants can provide information about the type of discrimination that migrants face in the labor market. Using encompassing administrative data from Switzerland, we observe all registered jobseekers in 2004 and follow their monthly labor market trajectories over 10 subsequent years. Our findings are consistent with earlier evaluations of ALMPs in Switzerland and elsewhere, which find that participation effects of ALMPs are limited and sometimes even negative. However, findings show that employers value the additional productivity-related information of ALMP participation more if participants have a foreign nationality. We infer that labor market discrimination against migrants is dominated by statistical reasoning on the part of prospective employers. (6) LM-Index: Eventually, we provide a meta-analytical study where we argue that comparative assessments of integration policies fail to properly take confounding factors into account. That is, immigrant groups exposed to integration policies in different countries differ in their characteristics because immigration policies and migrants’ destination choice induce an ex-ante bias. To circumvent this limit to comparative analyses, we aspire to collect and generate data on all existing policy dimensions and subsequently provide a comparative analysis of immigrants’ labor market integration in industrialized countries."
Year 2018
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77 Project

Threat and Prejudice against Syrian Refugees in Canada: Assessing the Moderating Effects of Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and Assimilation

Authors Colin Scott, Saba Safdar
Year 2017
Journal Name International Journal of Intercultural Relations
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78 Journal Article

The Scope and the Legal Limits of the ‘Immigration Federalism’: Some comparative remarks from the American, Belgian and the Italian experiences

Authors Davide STRAZZARI
Year 2012
Journal Name European journal of legal studies, 2016, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 211-249
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79 Journal Article

Undocumented Migrants in Canada: A Scope Literature Review on Health, Access to Services, and Working Conditions

Authors Lilian Magalhaes, Christine Carrasco, Denise Gastaldo
Year 2010
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
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80 Journal Article

Integration policy in Denmark

Authors Per MOURITSEN, Christine HOVMARK JENSEN
Description
In Denmark immigration has been politically very salient, and since the mid-1990s immigration has been negatively associated with the rising numbers of Muslims in the population. Integration policies over the last fifteen years have become increasingly comprehensive and thickly textured, focusing not only on labour market participation and education, but also on the civic dimensions of social and political participation, liberal-democratic norms and substantial welfare-state egalitarianism, as well as identity and loyalty. Local municipalities are responsible for the implementation of most policies and generally adopt a pragmatic approach. Since 2011, when a social-democratic-led government came to power, integration policies have become less politicized. Various programs, hitherto collected in one designated Ministry of Integration have now been placed under different ministerial jurisdictions and are connected, more than previously, to existing programs that target vulnerable citizens.
Year 2014
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82 Report

Intra-EU Mobility: The Employment and Welfare Experience of Temporary EU Workers in the United Kingdom

Authors Sonila Danaj, Erka Çaro
Year 2021
Journal Name Two Homelands
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83 Journal Article

Between National Models and Multi-Level Decoupling: The Pursuit of Multi-Level Governance in Dutch and UK Policies Towards Migrant Incorporation

Authors Peter Scholten
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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84 Journal Article

Between National Models and Multi-Level Decoupling: The Pursuit of Multi-Level Governance in Dutch and UK Policies Towards Migrant Incorporation

Authors Peter Scholten
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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85 Journal Article

Religiosity or racism? The bases of opposition to religious accommodation in Quebec

Authors Yannick Dufresne, Anja Kilibarda, Andre Blais, ...
Year 2019
Journal Name Nations and Nationalism
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86 Journal Article

Immigrants’ Feelings of Attachment to Switzerland: Does the Cantonal Context Matter?

Authors Salomon Bennour, Anita Manatschal
Year 2019
Book Title Migrants and Expats: The Swiss Migration and Mobility Nexus
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87 Book Chapter

Multiculturalism and welfare state integration: Swedish model path dependency

Authors Karin Borevi
Year 2014
Journal Name Identities
Citations (WoS) 20
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89 Journal Article

Multiculturalism or Interculturalism? A Conversation with Ted Cantle

Authors Divya Girishkumar
Year 2015
Journal Name Journal of Intercultural Studies
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90 Journal Article

Nationalist Immigration and Integration Policy (NIIP)

Description
The author has developed a nationalist immigration and integration policy index to measure legislative changes with regard to immigration and integration policy. The index measures to what extent the legislative output on immigration and integration of governments in 9 countries has a (radical) right-wing signature. The analysis covers the period 1996–2010. The index focuses on policy changes on citizenship, asylum, illegal residence/regularisation, family reunion and civic integration (language requirements and tests, etc.). The index analyses policy changes based on a series of requirement indicators on requirements (e.g., years required for citizenship acquisition). In order to assess optimally the range and substance of changes implied in new legislation, varying sources have been used. Apart from scrutinising primary legislative sources, expert reports, articles and books have been consulted for contextual information.
Year 2010
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91 Data Set

The Social Construction of Intercultural Communication: A Delphi Study

Authors Leonarda García-Jiménez, Leonarda Garcia-Jimenez, Miquel Rodrigo-Alsina, ...
Year 2017
Journal Name Journal of Intercultural Studies
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93 Journal Article

Till multiculturalism do us part: Multicultural policies and the national identification of immigrants in European countries

Authors Akira Igarashi
Year 2019
Journal Name Social Science Research
Citations (WoS) 2
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94 Journal Article

Arizona's SB1070, Latino immigrants and the framing of anti-immigrant policies

Authors Adalberto Aguirre
Year 2012
Journal Name Latino Studies
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95 Journal Article

The Settlement Country and Ethnic Identification of Children of Turkish Immigrants in Germany, France, and the Netherlands: What Role Do National Integration Policies Play?

Authors Evelyn Ersanilli, S Saharso, Sawitri Saharso
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 13
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96 Journal Article

Multiculturalism and Interculturalism: Epistemological Challenges of Schooling in Indigenous Contexts

Authors Daniel Quilaqueo, Hector Torres C
Year 2013
Journal Name ALPHA-REVISTA DE ARTES LETRAS Y FILOSOFIA
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97 Journal Article

Forms of secularism and multiculturalism: Charles Taylor and Ireland

Authors Jerry White
Year 2016
Journal Name Irish Studies Review
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98 Journal Article

Interculturalism in Times of Crisis

Authors Valeria Bello, Tendayi Bloom
Year 2017
Journal Name International Migration
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100 Journal Article
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