High-skilled migration

High-skilled migration is the movement of persons who normally possess university education (ISCED 5-6), extensive experience or a combination of the two. In selected cases, public policy frameworks can use salary level to define high-skilled migration (e.g. Blue Card). Research in this category includes studies on recognition of qualifications, brain drain/gain/waste and brain circulation.

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Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain drain versus brain gain

Authors Natalia BUGA, Jean-Baptiste MEYER
Description
India is a major source of migrants, especially of highly-skilled and well-trained workers. This paper attempts to show that even with a high number of Indian talents abroad, India – as well as destination countries – takes advantage of the resources generated by this population. Traditionally the flows of Indian professionals have been directed towards the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and other similar destinations. Recently, however, Western European countries are being selected as migration options. In this paper, the growing diversification of receiving countries is explained as a consequence of European immigration policies focusing on highly-skilled migrants, demographic trends which raise several questions related to labour shortages and, finally, the effects of the global economic crisis on mobility. The migration of highly-skilled Indians is analyzed and put in the context of globalization and the intensification of the knowledge-based economy. The paper shows that what has happened in India might stand as a win-win scenario with wider application where a brain drain may be converted into a brain gain.
Year 2012
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1 Report

Highly-skilled Migration (Libya): Legal aspects

Authors Azza K. MAGHUR
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Year 2010
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2 Report

The Contributions of highly-skilled migrants to the development of their country of origin : highly-skilled Egyptian migrants in the OECD countries

Authors Alessia BACCHI
Description
This paper studies the potential impact of Egyptian highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) residing in the OECD countries on the development of Egypt, their country of origin. The paper discussed the following questions: a) is Egyptian highly-skilled migration to OECD countries a case of brain drain? b) Could it generate brain gain? c) What is the overall potential impact of Egyptian HSMs on the development of their homeland?
Year 2014
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3 Report

Asymmetric Mobility and Emigration of Highly Skilled Workers in Europe: The Portuguese case

Authors Rui Machado Gomes, João Teixeira Lopes, Luísa Cerdeira, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name Studia Migracyjne-Przegląd Polonijny
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7 Journal Article

Dynamic Wage Effects of Brain Gain and Brain Drain - Analyzing Changes in the Regional Concentration of High-Skilled Workers

Principal investigator Johann Eppelsheimer (Principal Investigator), Joachim Möller (Principal Investigator)
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Year 2015
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8 Project

L’émigration des jeunes Libanais hautement qualifiés

Authors Choghig KASPARIAN
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Year 2010
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11 Report

Migrants hautement qualifiés et flux internationaux de talents, connaissances et capitaux

Principal investigator Ernest Miguelez (Principal Investigator)
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Year 2017
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12 Project

Shortage of highly skilled workers in Hong Kong and policy responses

Authors Joanna Kit-Chun Lam
Year 2000
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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13 Journal Article

Attracting Highly Skilled Migrants: US experience and lessons for the EU

Authors Philip MARTIN
Description
This paper examines the opportunities and challenges involved in attracting highly skilled Indian migrants to EU countries by examining US policies to attract highly skilled Indian and other migrants. The paper also outlines the policies regulating the entry of high-skilled workers into Germany and the UK. These policies have changed recently, making assessment difficult. The paper has four sections. The first reviews definitions of and data on the number and distribution of highly skilled workers. Section two summarizes US policies to admit highly skilled foreigners as immigrants and temporary visitors, emphasizing that many of those who wind up as highly skilled US immigrants enter as students or guest workers and become settler immigrants after being sponsored by a US employer or marrying a US citizen or immigrant. Section three outlines the admissions channels open to highly skilled Indians and other non-EU foreigners in Germany and the UK, while section four provides conclusions and recommendations.
Year 2012
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16 Report

Emigration of High-Skilled Individuals due to Short-Term Contracts

Description
This proposal presents a study of the EXODUS of exceptionally gifted individuals due to the increased utilization of short-term contracts. The primary objective is to study the impact of Italian labour market reforms, specifically those related to the regulation and utilization of short-term employment contracts, on the departure of skilled workers towards other countries, which typically offer more and better opportunities (brain drain). Theoretically, the utilization of short-term contracts could help increase labor force participation, employment, efficiency and labour market opportunities. However, if not regulated in integration with the specific institutional framework, short-term contracts might generate undesired effects. By promoting adverse selection, driving the better workers away from the mother country as the less productive workers take up short-term contracts, short-term contracts might actually increase the brain drain. The purpose of EXODUS is to investigate the validity of these concerns and to analyze the way short-term contracts affect the brain drain phenomenon. In particular, EXODUS will focus on investigating the employment condition and behavioral choices of a specific category of workers: young individuals with a high level of education.
Year 2013
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22 Project

Class and Gender Roles: Narratives of Highly Skilled Mexican Women Migrants in Australia

Authors Glenda Mejia, Monica Laura Vazquez Maggio
Year 2022
Journal Name JOURNAL OF IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH
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23 Journal Article

EU Policies and African Human Capital Development

Authors Yaw NYARKO
Year 2010
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24 Working Paper

Ökonomische Integration der qualifizierten Migranten in vier Ländern

Principal investigator Irena Kogan (Principal Investigator), Mosche Semyonov (Principal Investigator), Yitchak Haberfeldt (Principal Investigator), Karin Amit (Principal Investigator), John Logan (Principal Investigator), Don Devoretz (Principal Investigator), William Bridges (Principal Investigator), Rebeca Raijman (Principal Investigator)
Description
"Das Hauptziel des Projektes besteht darin, die wirtschaftliche Integration von hoch gebildeten Immigranten aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in vier Zielländern zu vergleichen: USA, Kanada, Deutschland und Israel. Diese vier Länder stellten die hauptsächlichen Zielländer der Immigranten aus der ehem. Sowjetunion seit ihrem Niedergang 1989 dar. Jedes Aufnahmeland repräsentiert ein unterschiedliches Immigrationsregime, das sich sowohl in der Auswahl der Zuwanderer ins Einreiseland, als auch in der Bereitstellung der Art und Höhe der Hilfe und Unterstützung der Immigranten unterscheidet. Der Fokus der Integration der Immigranten aus einem Herkunftsland in verschiedenen Zielländern bieten uns die einmalige Gelegenheit die Auswirkungen der Immigrationspolitik und den Aufnahmekontext auf die ökonomische Integration der hoch gebildeten Immigranten zu untersuchen. Die geplante Untersuchung wird Folgendes erforschen: a) wie und warum hoch gebildete Immigranten ihr Zielland auswählen; b) die Konsequenzen der Selbstauswahl der Immigranten für ihren Erfolg auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und c) die Rolle des Aufnahmekontextes jedes Landes (Sozialpolitik und Arbeitsmarkteigenschaften) in Bezug auf die ökonomische Assimilation von hoch gebildeten Immigranten. Frau Kogan führt das Projekt an der Universität Bamberg weiter."
Year 2007
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25 Project

Escaping brain waste. Work experience and qualifications of highly skilled Ukrainians in Poland

Authors Sabina Kubiciel-Lodzińska, Jolanta Maj, Katarzyna Widera, ...
Year 2023
Journal Name Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series
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29 Journal Article

Highly-skilled Sudanese migrants: gain or drain?

Authors Munzoul ASSAL
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Year 2010
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30 Report

Following the Global Competition for Talent: What Risks to Integration in the UK?

Authors Anne Unterreiner
Book Title Migrant integration between homeland and host society. Volume 2, How countries of origin impact migrant integration outcomes : an analysis
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31 Book Chapter

Profijt van studiemigratiebeleid - een advies over de arbeidsmarktpositie van buitenlandse afgestudeerden

Authors Adviescommissie voor Vreemdelingenzaken (ACVZ)
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Year 2007
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32 Report

Brain drain or brain gain: A revisit

Authors Donald Lien, Yan Wang
Year 2005
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
Citations (WoS) 10
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33 Journal Article

La migration hautement qualifiée de, vers et à travers les paysde l’Est et du Sud de la Méditerranée et d`Afrique subsaharienne. Recherche Transversale

Authors Rafik BOUKLIA-HASSANE
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Year 2010
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34 Report

Design study on a scheme to attract non-EU resident highly skilled entrepreneurial innovators

Description
Objective: The objective of the study is to design an EU-wide scheme to attract high-skilled non-EU resident entrepreneurial innovators, and to facilitate the creation and development of high-potential companies in Europe. The study fits to the EC’s objective to boost innovation, growth and investments by unleashing the EU’s full capacities and competitiveness, while addressing the consequences of demographic ageing and offsetting skills shortages in the continent. Summary: The study will recommend a scheme to attract 20,000 migrant entrepreneurs per year to the EU through the creation of an electronic platform of services to potential migrant entrepreneurs, possible financial support and a promotion campaign. The direct objectives of the schemes are to facilitate access to the EU for non-EU nationals (visa scheme), create incentives (including linking to financial support), facilitate access to EU ecosystems, incubator schemes and private funding (via the platform) as well as to inform aspiring entrepreneurs. The study will include amongst other an assessment of existing (public and semi-public) initiatives in following EU Member States: Austria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom, and Spain. Moreover, it will benchmark these against schemes in a number of non-EU countries with successful entrepreneurial support initiatives.
Year 2016
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35 Project

Highly-Skilled Migration: Sudan

Authors Amna Omer MOHAMED-ALI
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Year 2010
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37 Report

African Brain Drain and Its Impact on Source Countries: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

Authors Stella Capuano, Abdeslam Marfouk
Year 2013
Journal Name Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice
Citations (WoS) 5
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39 Journal Article

Highly educated migrants in Sweden

Authors Vibeke Andersson
Year 2020
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40 Journal Article

La migration hautement qualifiée depuis et vers la Tunisie

Authors Habib FOURATI
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Year 2010
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41 Report

La migration des personnes hautement qualifiées : le cas du Maroc

Authors Mohamed KHACHANI
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Year 2010
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42 Report

Highly-skilled migration from Jordan: a response to socio-political challenges

Authors Françoise DE BEL-AIR
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Year 2010
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43 Report

Highly-Skilled Migration Patterns and Development: The Case of Egypt

Authors Nadine SIKA
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Year 2010
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44 Report

The Punjabi diaspora in the UK : an overview of characteristics and contributions to India

Authors Rupa CHANDA, Sriparna GHOCH
Description
The recognition of diaspora contributions towards their home country through remittances, investments and networks has facilitated a shift in attitude and thinking regarding migration, from brain drain to “brain bank”, “brain gain”, “brain trust” and “brain circulation”. This shift in thinking is also evident in India in recognition of the manifold contributions being made by the Indian diaspora to the home country. This paper examines the historical and socio-economic characteristics of one important Indian diaspora community, the Punjabis in the UK and discusses the latter’s contributions to India and to its home state of Punjab.
Year 2013
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45 Report

A brain gain with a brain drain

Authors Oded Stark, Christian Helmenstein, Alexia Prskawetz
Year 1997
Journal Name Economics Letters
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47 Journal Article

Highly skilled migrants in Sweden

Authors Saara Koikkalainen
Year 2019
Journal Name Nordic Journal of Migration Research
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48 Journal Article

Highly skilled Indian migrants in Ireland

Authors Conor TALBOT
Description
In Ireland, the demand for specific skills has consistently exceeded available supply from the EEA labour market since the early 2000s. As a result, Ireland has aimed to attract key talent from non-EEA countries to fill skills shortages in specific sectors such as IT, engineering, finance and healthcare. This has led to the introduction of a wide range of policy measures over the years, including Green Cards for highly skilled workers and various measures to retain international students, even if such measures have become controversial in the context of economic recession and high unemployment in recent times.
Year 2013
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49 Report

Highly skilled Indian migrants in Poland

Authors Weronika KLOC-NOWAK
Year 2013
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53 Report

Highly skilled Indian migrants in Cyprus

Authors Vera PAVLOU
Year 2013
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54 Report

Highly-skilled Indian migrants in Germany

Authors Johanna GEREKE
Year 2013
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55 Report

Report on Highly Skilled Migration in Egypt

Authors Tarek BADAWY
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Year 2010
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57 Report

Highly skilled Indian migrant population in Spain

Authors Germán GÓMEZ VENTURA
Description
Highly qualified Indian migrants in Spain, rather than responding to market demand, are a consequence of the flow of workers that accompany the processes of internationalization of business networks and the trans-nationalization of services. This recent flow of highly skilled Indian migrants do not normally display a desire to settle in Spain and, despite the limited numbers of this flow, it stands out among the current of non-EU highly qualified migration to Spain.
Year 2013
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63 Report

Highly skilled Indian migrants in Europe : Italy

Authors Alberto-Horst NEIDHARDT
Year 2013
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64 Report

Rethinking Self-Initiated Expatriation in International Highly Skilled Migration

Authors Driss Habti, Maria Elo
Year 2019
Book Title Global Mobility of Highly Skilled People: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Self-initiated Expatriation
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66 Book Chapter

Enhancing European Competitiveness by Leveraging Highly Skilled Indian Professionals

Description Read More
Year 2010
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68 Project

Internataional Highly Skilled Migration: The Case of Finland

Authors Driss Habti, Saara Koikkalainen
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Finnish Studies
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71 Journal Article

High-skilled migration policy indicators

Description
The authors carry out a cross-country assessment of policies aimed to attract and select high-skilled workers. To capture immigration policy systems, they choose nine policy elements that collectively capture many of the key differences between destination countries’ policy stances. These instruments reflect policy categories comprising skill-selective admission policies (shortage lists, job offer requirements, labor market tests, PBS), and post-entry policy instruments (permanency rights, financial incentive schemes). Methodologically, the authors adopt a set of statements against which a 0 or 1 can be assigned to ensure consistency when coding our policy variables.
Year 2012
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77 Data Set

Highly-skilled Indian migrants in the United Kingdom

Authors Carolina Viviana ZUCCOTTI
Year 2013
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78 Report

Hochqualifizierte Migrant/innen. Zur Transnationalisierung von sozialen Lagen

Principal investigator Anja Weiß (Principal Investigator)
Description
Soziale Ungleichheit wurde bisher ausschließlich zwischen oder innerhalb von Nationalstaaten untersucht. Als Folge von Globalisierungsprozessen können soziale Lagen immer weniger auf einen klar umgrenzten Raum bezogen werden. Das Projekt geht der These einer transnationalen Klassenbildung am Beispiel von hochqualifizierten Migrant/innen nach. Ihre soziale Lage entfaltet sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen einer globalen Ökonomie, die ihr kulturelles Kapital weltweit anschlussfähig werden lässt, und der nationalstaatlichen Organisation der Politik, die der Herausbildung einer transnationalen Klassenlage entgegensteht. So sind auch hochqualifizierte Migrant/innen im Zugang zu nationalen Räumen ungleich gestellt, je nachdem, ob sie einem reichen oder armen Land, einer statushohen oder einer symbolisch delegitimierten Gruppe zugerechnet werden. Die objektive und subjektive Strukturiertheit einer transnationalen Lage wird mittels qualitativer Interviews erfasst, die durch standardisierte Fragebögen ergänzt werden. Durch systematische Vergleiche zwischen Experten/innen, die von deutschen Organisationen in Entwicklungsländer entsandt werden, IT-Frachkräften, die unter der sog. Grenncard-Regelung angeworben werden, und westafrikanischen Akademiker/innen, die in Süfafrika arbeiten, wird die Heterogenität transnationaler sozialer Lagen erfasst. Sollten trotz maximaler Kontraste ähnliche Strukturierungen überwiegen, wäre dies ein Beleg für die Bildung transnationaler Klassenlagen.
Year 2002
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79 Project

Highly Skilled Migration to the UK 2007-2013

Authors N/A N/A
Year 2014
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81 Report

High-skilled immigration and innovation

Authors Alessandra VENTURINI, Sona KALANTARYAN, Claudio FASSIO
Year 2018
Book Title [Migration Policy Centre]
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82 Book Chapter

European High-skilled Migration Policy

Year 2012
Book Title High-skilled Migration. Drivers and Policies
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83 Book Chapter

Hochqualifizierte Ausländer in nordrhein-westfälischen Städten

Principal investigator Carmella Pfaffenbach (Principal Investigator ), Günther Weiss (Principal Investigator ), Claus-Christian Wiegandt (Principal Investigator )
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Year 2012
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84 Project

The gender dimension of return for highly-skilled migrants

Authors Meltem Yilmaz Sener
Year 2020
Journal Name International Journal of Migration and Border Studies
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85 Journal Article

The gender dimension of return for highly-skilled migrants

Authors Meltem Yilmaz Sener
Year 2020
Journal Name International Journal of Migration and Border Studies
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86 Journal Article

Revisions in the blue card directive : reforms, constraints and gaps

Authors Sona KALANTARYAN
Year 2017
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89 Working Paper

Essential? COVID-19 and highly educated Africans in Finland’s segmented labour market

Authors Quivine Ndomo, Ilona Bontenbal, Nathan A. Lillie
Year 2023
Journal Name International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy
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93 Journal Article

Brain Drain Social and Political Effects in Latin American Countries

Authors Lisdey Espinoza Pedraza
Year 2013
Journal Name Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia
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94 Journal Article

Cerna’s High-Skilled Immigrants openness index

Description
Cerna’s index measures openness and restrictiveness of migration policies targeting high-skilled migrants. The index covers 2007 and 2012 and provides information on 20 countries. Countries are selected on the basis of different migration histories and experiences and levels of (economic) interest groups’ involvement in policy-making. The index is disaggregated into admissions mechanism and work permit rights (made up of six indicators: numerical caps, labour market test, labour protection, employer portability, spouse’s work rights and permanent residency rights). Scores are assigned to each of the six categories from 3 (=highly restrictive), 2 (=moderately restrictive), 1 (=minimally restrictive) to 0 (=highly open). All policies are ranked on the same criteria. The individual points for the six categories are then added and converted into an index, where the most restrictive country receives a value of 100.
Year 2012
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100 Data Set
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