The buying of freedom: Migrant workers and the “Azad” Visa in the Persian Gulf1

Taxonomy Associations

Migration processes

• Migration forms

  • Low-skilled migration
  • Transnational migration
  • Labour migration

• Migration infrastructures

  • Agents, brokers, and other businesses in travel & migration
  • Practices of facilitating travel & migration
  • Routes, hubs, and sites in travel & migration

Migration consequences (for migrants, sending and receiving countries)

• Socio-cultural consequences

  • Diasporas and transnational communities

• Transversal consequences

  • Migrant incorporation / integration

Migration governance

• Governance actors

  • Employers, labour and trade unions

• Migration policy and law

  • Immigration admission and control (general)

• Governance processes

  • Outsourcing to private actors
  • Extraterritorialisation (multi- and bi-national)

Geographies

• Scope

  • Continental
  • National
  • Subnational