Taikongs and Calos: The Role of Middlemen and Brokers in Javanese International Migration

Taxonomy Associations

Migration processes

• Migration forms

  • Labour migration
  • Irregular migration

Migration consequences (for migrants, sending and receiving countries)

• Socio-cultural consequences

  • Ethnic, religious and national minorities
  • Migrants and religion

• Socio-economic consequences

  • Migrant businesses and entrepreneurship
  • (Sexual) Exploitation

Migration governance

• Governance actors

  • Inter-governmental and international organisations

• Migration policy and law

  • Policies on irregular migration

Geographies

• UN Countries

  • Malaysia
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Singapore