North Korea: Labour Migration from a Closed State

Taxonomy Associations

Migration processes

• Migration forms

  • Low-skilled migration
  • Labour migration
  • Irregular migration
  • Return migration

• Migration infrastructures

  • Economics facilitating travel & migration
  • Tourism and migration

Migration consequences (for migrants, sending and receiving countries)

• Socio-economic consequences

  • Remittances

Migration governance

• Governance actors

  • Employers, labour and trade unions

• Migration policy and law

  • Policies on irregular migration

Geographies

• Scope

  • Continental
  • International
  • National

• UN Countries

  • China
  • Democratic People's Republic Of Korea
  • Russian Federation