| Description |
Circular economic migration refers to circular movements, which are partly motivated by either making or saving money. Moroccan migration to Italy has been sedentary rather than circular over the past two decades due to four main factors: visa requirements; employee status and employment based work permits; low earnings; and the absence of a livelihood in Morocco. I present a typology of forms of circular migration between Morocco and Italy based on existing theoretical and empirical research on (circular) migration and interviews with 30 Moroccan circular economic migrants and 21 Italian and Moroccan policymakers, stakeholders, key informants and researchers, conducted during the period June-November 2010. Italian and Moroccan policies, which incentivise and obstruct circularity are also discussed.
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