Brain drain and brain gain

Brain drain and brain gain both refer to consequences of migration for the host and sending societies in terms of the transfer of human capital. Brain drain involves the departure of a society’s high-skilled or well-trained individuals through emigration. Brain gain in turn refers to the phenomenon of such individuals contributing human capital to a host society, or eventually returning to their country/region of origin and bringing new skills or capital with them. These phenomena are also collectively known as ‘brain circulation’.

This topic includes literature on skilled migration, academic mobility, remittances, return intentions, transnationalism, and educational segregation.

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Brain drain, brain gain and brain waste

Year 2009
Book Title Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning of the transitional arrangements
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1 Book Chapter

Brain drain or brain gain: A revisit

Authors Donald Lien, Yan Wang
Year 2005
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
Citations (WoS) 10
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4 Journal Article

Ability drain

Authors Maurice SCHIFF
Year 2015
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5 Working Paper

A brain gain with a brain drain

Year 1977
Journal Name Economics Letters
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7 Journal Article

The Punjabi diaspora in the UK : an overview of characteristics and contributions to India

Authors Rupa CHANDA, Sriparna GHOCH
Description
The recognition of diaspora contributions towards their home country through remittances, investments and networks has facilitated a shift in attitude and thinking regarding migration, from brain drain to “brain bank”, “brain gain”, “brain trust” and “brain circulation”. This shift in thinking is also evident in India in recognition of the manifold contributions being made by the Indian diaspora to the home country. This paper examines the historical and socio-economic characteristics of one important Indian diaspora community, the Punjabis in the UK and discusses the latter’s contributions to India and to its home state of Punjab.
Year 2013
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8 Report

Conceptualizing Professional Diaspora: International Medical Graduates in Canada

Authors Elena Neiterman, Ivy Lynn Bourgeault
Year 2011
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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11 Journal Article

Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain drain versus brain gain

Authors Natalia BUGA, Jean-Baptiste MEYER
Description
India is a major source of migrants, especially of highly-skilled and well-trained workers. This paper attempts to show that even with a high number of Indian talents abroad, India – as well as destination countries – takes advantage of the resources generated by this population. Traditionally the flows of Indian professionals have been directed towards the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and other similar destinations. Recently, however, Western European countries are being selected as migration options. In this paper, the growing diversification of receiving countries is explained as a consequence of European immigration policies focusing on highly-skilled migrants, demographic trends which raise several questions related to labour shortages and, finally, the effects of the global economic crisis on mobility. The migration of highly-skilled Indians is analyzed and put in the context of globalization and the intensification of the knowledge-based economy. The paper shows that what has happened in India might stand as a win-win scenario with wider application where a brain drain may be converted into a brain gain.
Year 2012
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13 Report

Dynamic Wage Effects of Brain Gain and Brain Drain - Analyzing Changes in the Regional Concentration of High-Skilled Workers

Principal investigator Johann Eppelsheimer (Principal Investigator), Joachim Möller (Principal Investigator)
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Year 2015
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14 Project

Temporary versus Permanent Youth Brain Drain: Economic Implications

Authors Balaz, AM Williams, D Kollar
Year 2004
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 45
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15 Journal Article

Brain Circulation of South Korean Students in Japan and China

Authors In-Jin Yoon, Kyung-Soo Rha, Jongtae Kim, ...
Year 2013
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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16 Journal Article

The Contributions of highly-skilled migrants to the development of their country of origin : highly-skilled Egyptian migrants in the OECD countries

Authors Alessia BACCHI
Description
This paper studies the potential impact of Egyptian highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) residing in the OECD countries on the development of Egypt, their country of origin. The paper discussed the following questions: a) is Egyptian highly-skilled migration to OECD countries a case of brain drain? b) Could it generate brain gain? c) What is the overall potential impact of Egyptian HSMs on the development of their homeland?
Year 2014
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23 Report

Optimal education policy and human capital accumulation in the context of brain drain

Authors Slobodan Djajić, Frédéric Docquier, Michael S. Michael
Year 2019
Journal Name Journal of Demographic Economics
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25 Journal Article

Losses and Gains to Developing Countries from the Migration of Educated Workers: An Overview of Recent Research, and New Reflections

Authors Oded STARK, Simon C. FAN
Description
This paper synthesizes and extends recent research on “The New Economics of the Brain Drain.” In a unified framework, the paper shows that while recently identified adverse repercussions of the brain drain exacerbate the long-recognized negative impact of the brain drain, longer-term consequences turn the brain drain into the harbinger of powerful gains. These gains have been studied already in recent research, or merit attention in future research.
Year 2007
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27 Report

EU Policies and African Human Capital Development

Authors Yaw NYARKO
Year 2010
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32 Working Paper

La migration hautement qualifiée de, vers et à travers les paysde l’Est et du Sud de la Méditerranée et d`Afrique subsaharienne. Recherche Transversale

Authors Rafik BOUKLIA-HASSANE
Description Read More
Year 2010
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36 Report

The within-country distribution of brain drain and brain gain effects: A case study on Senegal

Authors Philippe Bocquier, Narcisse Cha'ngom, Frédéric Docquier, ...
Year 2024
Journal Name Journal of Demographic Economics
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40 Journal Article

Skilled Immigrants in Rome

Authors M. Carolina Brandi
Year 2001
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 9
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41 Journal Article

International migration and the Rainbow Nation

Authors David Lucas, Acheampong Yaw Amoateng, Ishmael Kalule‐Sabiti
Year 2005
Journal Name Population, Space and Place
Citations (WoS) 9
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43 Journal Article

Brain drain and brain gain in Europe - An evaluation of the East-European migration to Germany

Authors T Straubhaar, MR Wolburg
Year 1999
Journal Name Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
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44 Journal Article

The Punjabi Diaspora in the UK: An overview of characteristics and contributions to India

Authors Rupa CHANDA, Sriparna GHOSH
Description Read More
Year 2012
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45 Report

Highly-skilled Migration (Libya): Legal aspects

Authors Azza K. MAGHUR
Description Read More
Year 2010
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46 Report

Die IAB brain-drain Daten

Description
Die IAB Datenerhebung zur internationalen Migration wurde im Rahmen des TEMPO Projekts (TEmporary Migration, integration and the role of POlicies) durchgeführt. Das Projekt wurde von NORFACE (New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe) finanziert. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen europäischen Zusammenschluss von 15 Forschungseinrichtungen mit dem Ziel das Wissen über die Ursachen und Wirkungen der internationalen Migration zu erweitern. Spezielle Schwerpunkte enthalten Forschung zur temporären Migration, Integration von Migranten und Migrationspolitik. Das IAB war verantwortlich für den Aufbau eines Makrodatensatzes zur internationalen Migration für 20 OECD-Zielländer nach Geschlecht, Herkunftsland und Bildungsstand, für die Jahre 1980 bis 2010 (5-Jahres-Intervalle). Die oben genannte Datenerhebung wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Abdeslam Marfouk (ULB, Brüssel) durchgeführt.
Year 1980
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47 Data Set

The brain drain as exploitation

Authors Paul Bou-Habib
Year 2021
Journal Name POLITICS PHILOSOPHY & ECONOMICS
Citations (WoS) 1
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48 Journal Article

Brain drain, gain and circulation

Authors Zovanga Kone, Çağlar Özden
Year 2017
Book Title Handbook of Globalisation and Development
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49 Book Chapter

The internal brain drain: foreign aid, hiring practices, and international migration

Authors Nicolas Lemay-Hebert, Louis Herns Marcelin, Stephane Pallage, ...
Year 2020
Journal Name DISASTERS
Citations (WoS) 9
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51 Journal Article

The IAB brain-drain data

Description
The IAB data collection on international migration has been carried out within the framework of the TEMPO project (TEmporary Migration, integration and the role of POlicies), a European project financed by NORFACE (New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe), a partnership of 15 research councils established to increase cooperation in research and research policy in Europe. The project has the goal of extend the knowledge of the causes and consequences of international migration with particular focus on themes like temporary migration, migrants’ integration, and migration policies. The IAB has been in charge of building a macro-dataset on international migration to 20 OECD destination countries by gender, country of origin and educational level, for the years 1980-2010 (5 years intervals). The above data collection has been carried out in cooperation with Abdeslam Marfouk (ULB, Brussels).
Year 1980
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53 Data Set

Contributing Factors to Migration Growth Among Iranian Students: Drivers of Migration to Malaysia

Authors Ali Kazemi, Abdolvahab Baghbanian, Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
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54 Journal Article

Documenting the Brain Drain of "La Creme de la Creme" Three Case-Studies on International Migration at the Upper Tail of the Education Distribution

Authors Frederic Docquier, Hillel Rapoport
Year 2009
Journal Name Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
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55 Journal Article

The Brain Drain: Emigration and Return.

Authors Edwin P. Reubens, William A. Glaser, G. Christopher Habers
Year 1980
Journal Name International Migration Review
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57 Journal Article

Asymmetric information and the brain drain

Authors Da-HsiangDonald Lien
Year 1993
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
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58 Journal Article

The Brain Drain: Emigration and Return.

Authors Eleanor Meyer Rogg, William A. Glaser
Year 1982
Journal Name International Migration Review
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60 Journal Article

Brain Drain from Sri Lankan Universities

Authors Chandra Gunawardena, Rasika Nawaratne
Year 2017
Journal Name SRI LANKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
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63 Journal Article

Emigration of High-Skilled Individuals due to Short-Term Contracts

Description
This proposal presents a study of the EXODUS of exceptionally gifted individuals due to the increased utilization of short-term contracts. The primary objective is to study the impact of Italian labour market reforms, specifically those related to the regulation and utilization of short-term employment contracts, on the departure of skilled workers towards other countries, which typically offer more and better opportunities (brain drain). Theoretically, the utilization of short-term contracts could help increase labor force participation, employment, efficiency and labour market opportunities. However, if not regulated in integration with the specific institutional framework, short-term contracts might generate undesired effects. By promoting adverse selection, driving the better workers away from the mother country as the less productive workers take up short-term contracts, short-term contracts might actually increase the brain drain. The purpose of EXODUS is to investigate the validity of these concerns and to analyze the way short-term contracts affect the brain drain phenomenon. In particular, EXODUS will focus on investigating the employment condition and behavioral choices of a specific category of workers: young individuals with a high level of education.
Year 2013
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65 Project

African Brain Drain and Its Impact on Source Countries: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

Authors Stella Capuano, Abdeslam Marfouk
Year 2013
Journal Name Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice
Citations (WoS) 5
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66 Journal Article

Transnationality of Migrants: Enduring ties with the home country and integration in the host country

Principal investigator Herbert Brücker (Principal Investigator)
Description Read More
Year 2006
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71 Project

Policy Responses to Address Student “Brain Drain”

Authors Christopher Ziguras, Cate Gribble
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Studies in International Education
Citations (WoS) 7
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72 Journal Article

The new economics of the brain drain

Authors Oded Stark
Year 2005
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73 Working Paper

Debating Brain Drain: May Governments Restrict Emigration

Authors John A. Dick
Year 2016
Journal Name ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
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74 Journal Article

Is the medical brain drain beneficial? Evidence from overseas doctors in the UK

Authors Marl Kangasniemi, L. Alan Winters, Simon Commander
Year 2007
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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81 Journal Article

Extending the Case for a Beneficial Brain Drain

Authors Simone Bertoli, Herbert Bruecker
Year 2011
Journal Name Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
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85 Journal Article

Remittances Data. Migration and Remittances Data

Description
Dataset on remittances data including incoming and outgoing flows, monthly remittances data of selected countries, and estimates of bilateral migration and medical ‘brain drain’ for over 200 countries. The factbook is published every 2 to 3 years.
Year 1970
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87 Data Set

Return Migration After Brain Drain: A Simulation Approach

Authors Alessio Emanuele Biondo, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda
Year 2013
Journal Name Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
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88 Journal Article

Brain Drain and Brain Loss: Immigrants to Greece

Authors Theodore P. Lianos
Year 2007
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 7
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89 Journal Article

Brain Drain Losses – A Case Study of Serbia

Authors Ognjen Radonjic, Mirjana Bobic
Year 2020
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 7
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94 Journal Article

Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence

Year 2001
Journal Name Journal of Development Economics
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95 Journal Article

Divided by class, connected by work: Class divisions among the new wave of Polish migrants in the UK

Year 2011
Journal Name Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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98 Journal Article
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