Public infrastructure, services and provisions

Public infrastructure refers to public goods, such as parks and infrastructure. Services and provisions are general welfare benefits that are not targeted at migrants. They affect the attractiveness of the origin and/or destination and might facilitate or constrain migration.

Studies listed under this migration driver refer to welfare benefits and services, public goods, and infrastructure (e.g. transport, roads, railways).

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Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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2 Journal Article

Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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3 Journal Article

Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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4 Journal Article

Some Conceptual Thoughts on Migration Research

Authors Andreas Demuth
Year 2000
Book Title Biko Agozino (ed.): Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Migration Research: Interdisciplinary, Intergenerational and International Perspective
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5 Book Chapter

Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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6 Journal Article

Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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7 Journal Article

Taming the brain drain: A challenge for public health systems in Southern Africa

Authors T Schrecker, R Labonte
Year 2004
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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8 Journal Article

Vervoerdersverplichtingen. Luchtvaartmaatschappijen en immigratiecontrole

Authors The Dutch Advisory Committee on Migration Affairs (Adviescommissie voor Vreemdelingenzaken, ACVZ), Minze Beuving, Evelien Brouwer, ...
Description
Vervoerdersverplichtingen zijn verplichtingen die op grond van regelgeving aan vervoerders zijn opgedragen. Deze verplichtingen dragen feitelijk bij aan de immigratiecontrole die door de overheid wordt uitgeoefend aan de Schengenbuitengrenzen. Commerciële vervoerders (luchtvaartmaatschappijen en rederijen) die passagiers van buiten het Schengengrondgebied aanvoeren moeten aan de volgende vier verplichtingen voldoen: de terugvervoerplicht, de zorgplicht, de afschriftplicht en de passagiersinformatieplicht. Met uitzondering van de terugvervoerplicht zijn de verplichtingen van toepassing voordat passagiers zich aandienen aan de Schengenbuitengrens. Indien een vervoerder handelt in strijd met de vervoerdersverplichtingen kan het Openbaar Ministerie (OM) overgaan tot strafrechtelijke vervolging. Op overtreding van de vervoerdersverplichtingen staat een boete, in theorie kunnen aan vervoerders gevangenisstraffen worden opgelegd. In dit advies wordt met betrekking tot de vervoerdersverplichtingen de volgende hoofdvraag beantwoord: Waarom, hoe en met welke gevolgen vond privatisering plaats in het migratiebeleid en welke lessen zijn daaruit te destilleren? Wanneer het vervoer van een passagier wordt geweigerd, voorkom je met vervoerdersverplichtingen dat een passagier zonder de juiste documenten, de Schengen-buitengrens bereikt. Hierdoor dragen de vervoerdersverplichtingen feitelijk bij aan een effectievere uitvoering van de immigratiecontrole. Ook wanneer een passagier wiens vervoer is geweigerd zich beroept op asielmotieven, is de vervoerder nu niet verplicht deze passagier te vervoeren. Een geweigerde passagier kan een beroep doen op asiel. Wanneer een vervoerder deze passagier toch overweegt te vervoeren, bestaat er de mogelijkheid om de zaak ter consultatie voor te leggen aan de Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND). Uit onderzoek van de ACVZ blijkt dat van deze mogelijkheid in de praktijk geen gebruik wordt gemaakt. Er bestaat voor vervoerders geen verplichting om de IND te consulteren. Bovendien zijn er indicaties dat grondpersoneel niet in staat is om een beroep op asielmotieven te onderkennen. De ACVZ beveelt aan om de procedure in de Vreemdelingencirculaire te schrappen. Wanneer een passagier geen of onjuiste documenten bezit en stelt dat zijn leven in gevaar is, zouden vervoerders dit verplicht aan de IND moeten voorleggen. Dat stelt de ACVZ in haar advies ‘Vervoerdersverplichtingen’.
Year 2020
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9 Report

Irregular Migration: Causes, Patterns, and Strategies

Authors Magdalena Arias Cubas, Stephen Castles, Chulhyo Kim, ...
Book Title Global Perspectives on Migration and Development
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12 Book Chapter

'Geen derderangsburgers. De risico’s voor gedetacheerde arbeidsmigranten en de Nederlandse samenleving'

Authors Adviesraad Migratie
Description
EU-detachering – soms ook wel de A1-constructie genoemd – kent verschillende vormen. Van het detacheren van experts en specialisten tot het inzetten van arbeidskrachten tegen zo laag mogelijke kosten, ook wel concurrentiedetachering genoemd. Deze laatste vorm wordt in toenemende mate door Nederlandse werkgevers toegepast, vooral binnen sectoren als de bouw, productiewerk, transport, landbouw en de vleesverwerkende industrie. Werkgevers en uitzendbureaus in deze sectoren gebruiken via detacheringsconstructies arbeidsmigranten van binnen en buiten de EU als een manier om te besparen op arbeid. In vergelijking met werkgevers in andere Europese landen maken Nederlandse werkgevers veelvuldig gebruik van een flexibele schil van personeel. Hierbij kan gedacht worden aan tijdelijke contracten, nulurencontracten, oproepkrachten, uitzendkrachten en zzp'ers. EU-detachering is een variant van zo’n flexibele arbeidsrelatie. Ondoorzichtige constructies maken controles lastig De Adviesraad Migratie vindt concurrentiedetachering problematisch. De (lange) detacheringsketen van verschillende partijen in het zendende en ontvangende land met een wirwar aan regels en arbeidscontracten, zorgt ervoor dat het onduidelijk is wat de rechten van mensen zijn. De complexe regelgeving van EU-detacheringwordt gebruikt voor ontduiking van verantwoordelijkheden. Dat maakt het lastig om vast te stellen wie precies waarvoor verantwoordelijk is. Daarbij pakt regelgeving in elk EU-land net weer anders uit en bilaterale verdragen met niet EU landen bepalen bijvoorbeeld of iemand een uitkering voor arbeidsongeschiktheid ook daadwerkelijk ontvangt. Het is haast onmogelijk voor een gedetacheerde arbeidsmigrant om precies te weten waar hij of zij recht op heeft, laat staan dat er wordt overgaan tot actie bij het niet nakomen van arbeidsvoorwaarden of bij slechte arbeidsomstandigheden. Dat geldt ook voor de gemeenten waar deze mensen wonen als voor de Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie. Zij kunnen door een gebrek aan capaciteit, opsporingsbevoegdheden en het ontbreken van gegevens, niet goed handhaven. Werkgevers kunnen zich op hun beurt achter complexe regelgeving verschuilen en hier misbruik van maken.
Year 2024
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13 Report

Wohnsituation der atypischen Grenzgängerinnen und Grenzgänger an der luxemburgisch-deutschen Grenze

Authors Ursula Roos, Chantal Hermes, Birte Nienaber
Description
Bedingt durch das Schengener Abkommen aus dem Jahr 1992, die Abschaffung der Grenzkontrollen und die Einführung einer einheitlichen Währung hat die grenzüberschreitende Mobilität in der Großregion Saar - Lor - Lux - Rheinland-Pfalz - Wallonie - Französische und Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens in den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Eine besondere Rolle spielen dabei die atypischen Grenzgängerinnen und Grenzgänger, bei denen der Arbeitsplatz noch in der Herkunftsregion liegt, jedoch der Wohnort ins benachbarte Ausland verlagert wurde. So hat sich beispielsweise die Zahl der atypischen Grenzgängerinnen und Grenzgänger mit luxemburgischer Staatsangehörigkeit, die regelmäßig aus der Großregion ins Großherzogtum Luxemburg zu ihrem Arbeitsplatz pendelt, seit 1999 verdreifacht. Als Wohnstandorte werden von den atypischen Grenzgängerinnen und Grenzgängern Gemeinden entlang günstiger Verkehrsachsen bevorzugt, die durch eine gut ausgebaute Infrastruktur entlang der Grenze die täglichen Pendlerbewegungen ermöglichen. Die Zuwanderung führt in den beiden Untersuchungsregionen Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland zu einem Bevölkerungswachstum, das in Verbindung mit dem hohen Grenzgängeraufkommen zu neuen Herausforderungen im deutsch-luxemburgischen Grenzraum beiträgt. Diese bringen diverse Konsequenzen für die Planung und die zukünftige Entwicklung mit sich.
Year 2015
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16 Report

Manufacturing Smugglers: From Irregular to Clandestine Mobility in the Sahara

Authors Julien Brachet
Year 2018
Journal Name The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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17 Journal Article

Practical Implications: How to Deal with Structural Dilemmas?

Authors Julia Dahlvik
Book Title Inside Asylum Bureaucracy: Organizing Refugee Status Determination in Austria
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18 Book Chapter

The Changing Hindu Kush Himalayas: Environmental Change and Migration

Authors Richard Black, Soumyadeep Banerjee, Dominic Kniveton, ...
Book Title People on the Move in a Changing Climate
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21 Book Chapter

SMALLPOX MORTALITY IN A URAL CITY (with Reference to Early nth-Century Yekaterinburg)

Authors Iulia Borovik
Year 2021
Journal Name IZVESTIYA URALSKOGO FEDERALNOGO UNIVERSITETA-SERIYA 2-GUMANITARNYE NAUKI
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22 Journal Article

The future of the city - Problems and perspectives

Authors D Sauberzweig
Year 1996
Journal Name INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
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24 Journal Article

Application of the force-field technique to drought vulnerability analysis: A phenomenological approach

Authors Bernard M. Hlalele
Year 2019
Journal Name Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies
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25 Journal Article

Human Rights for All Is Better than Citizenship Rights for Some

Authors Daniel Kanstroom
Book Title Debating Transformations of National Citizenship
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26 Book Chapter

ENHANCED ON-STREET PARKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Description
The migration of the global population to urban areas has strained the resources of cities worldwide. To address these challenges governments are turning to Smart Cities to provide sustainable infrastructure that meets the needs of citizens. The smart city industry is projected to reach 1.56 $ trillion by 2020. Smart city initiatives are focussing on smart parking systems to enhance regulated parking spots with occupancy sensors that provide additional features & services to parking management companies as well as drivers by reducing time spent looking for parking, traffic and CO2 emissions. Monitored parking spaces will be a global emerging market by 2020 when 1% of on-street parking spaces will be controlled. The European Parking Association estimates that there are 12M parking spaces available for smart parking (in European cities with more than 20K habitants). As a result, they estimate that there are an additional 190M spaces likely to become regulated in the near future, equalling a huge potential market for Fastprk-2 in Europe alone. Considering the competitors & the time-to-market we aim to manage 60M parking spaces for 2019. FastPrk-2 is an innovative full featured smart on-street parking solution, featuring enhanced services resulting from almost 100% accurate occupancy sensors & a system architecture that provides cutting edge HW-based sensor technology & SW-based tools that optimize transport management through innovative applications that analyse diverse parking related data, minimizing maintenance costs and operational processes. Worldsensing is a cutting edge tech company, a market leader in innovative wireless solutions, & a pioneer in IoT technologies, with a strong executive & advisory team, as well as the strategic investors Cisco, Mitsui and FJME. Worldsensing has 2 main product portfolios: Smart Traffic solutions for Smart Cities and Industry Monitoring solutions. It has >30 employees & an increasing turnover of 2.7M€.
Year 2016
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27 Project

Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment

Description
NANOREM is designed to unlock the potential of nanoremediation and so support both the appropriate use of nanotechnology in restoring land and aquifer resources and the development of the knowledge-based economy at a world leading level for the benefit of a wide range of users in the EU environmental sector. NANOREM uniquely takes a holistic approach to examining how the potential for nanoremediation can be developed and applied in practice, to enhance a stronger development of nanoremediation markets and applications in the EU. NANOREM’s ambitious objectives are: 1) Identification of the most appropriate nanoremediation technological approaches to achieve a step change in practical remediation performance. Development of lower cost production techniques and production at commercially relevant scales, also for large scale applications. 2) Determination of the mobility and migration potential of nanoparticles in the subsurface, and their potential to cause harm, focusing on the NP types most likely to be adopted into practical use in the EU. 3) Development of a comprehensive tool box for field scale observation of nanoremediation performance and determination of the fate of NPs in the subsurface, including analytical methods, field measurement devices, decision support and numerical tools. 4) Dissemination and dialogue with key stakeholder interests to ensure that research, development and demonstration meets end-user and regulatory requirements and information and knowledge is shared widely across the EU. 5) Provide applications at representative scales including field sites to validate cost, performance, and fate and transport findings. The NANOREM consortium is multidisciplinary, cross-sectoral and transnational. It includes 28 partners from 12 countries organized in 11 work packages. The consortium includes 18 of the leading nanoremediation research groups in the EU, 10 industry and service providers (8 SMEs) and one organisation with policy and regulatory interest.
Year 2013
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28 Project

COOPERATION OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE BAIKAL REGION WITH MONGOLIA AND CHINA: MOTIVATION AND SOCIAL CONCERNS OF THE LOCAL POPULATION

Authors Elena V. Petrova
Year 2017
Journal Name VESTNIK TOMSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA-FILOSOFIYA-SOTSIOLOGIYA-POLITOLOGIYA-TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
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33 Journal Article

Terrorists Repudiate Their Own Citizenship

Authors Christian Joppke
Book Title Debating Transformations of National Citizenship
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34 Book Chapter

PRACTICES AND DRIVERS OF THE MIGRATION BEHAVIOR OF RURAL YOUTH IN THE SIBERIAN AGRICULTURAL REGION

Authors Aliye M. Sergienko, Lyudmila Rodionova, Olga N. Kolesnikova, ...
Year 2019
Journal Name VESTNIK TOMSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA-FILOSOFIYA-SOTSIOLOGIYA-POLITOLOGIYA-TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
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37 Journal Article

Cultural and information influence of modern world to historical consciousness of Ukrainian political nation

Authors Dmitry Vedeneev
Year 2015
Journal Name NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MANAGERIAL STAFF OF CULTURE AND ARTS HERALD
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41 Journal Article

The Role of Group Competition and Cultural Group Composition in the Provision of Public Goods: An Evolutionary Approach

Principal investigator Ruud Koopmans (Principal Investigator), Jeroen van den Bergh (Principal Investigator)
Description
"Theoretical background and objectives The explanation of the human capacity to cooperate in larger groups constitutes one of the major puzzles that preoccupy evolutionary biologists and anthropologists. A currently popular explana­tion, multilevel selection theory (e.g., Wilson 2002), proposes that the human capacity for collec­ti­ve action has evolved by way of a process of intergroup competition in which cooperative beha­viour is selected at the group level because more cooperative groups are more successful (in terms of population growth, outcomes of intergroup conflicts, and cultural imitation of successful groups by less successful ones) than less cooperative groups. Many theorists of cultural group selection argue that this evolutionary process should have produced a behavioural pattern of “paro­chialism” (Bowles and Gintis 2004), which combines ingroup favouritism with outgroup hosti­li­ty. The question of the evolutionary basis of human collective action is relevant for the study of immigration and integration because if correct, the theory of cultural group selection has several important implications for interethnic relations, for instance that intragroup cooperation will be more difficult in culturally heterogeneous communities (see project 6.2) or that intergroup conflict is more likely to occur when cultural differences between groups are stark (see projects in cluster 3), especially if groups live highly segregated lives (see projects in cluster 4). This pro­ject inquires into what biologists (Tinbergen 1963) refer to as 'ultimate', i.e. evolutio­na­­­ry, causes of intra- and between-group behaviour. It does so along two empirical paths of in­quiry. The first, implemented by collaborators Garcia and van den Bergh, mathematically models group selection processes and conducts numerical simulations under varying parameters. The second component of the project, in which the research unit is involved, tests the behavioural implications of cultural group selection theories in a series of public goods experiments. Research design, data and methodology A series of pilot experiments was conducted to establish whether different results were obtained in online experiments using a web-based tool, or classical laboratory experiments. Because these re­vealed no significant behavioural differences and online experiments were easier and less cost­ly to implement, we stuck to online experiments except in the second experiment, where groups repeatedly interacted, which was too impractical to implement online. In a first experiment we tested whether more homogeneous ingroups were more successful in overcoming public good provision problems, by giving subjects information on several cultural characteristics of their fellow group members (religion and political affiliation), as well as on a trivial trait as a control (birth month). The experiment included a further control condition in which all traits were ran­dom­ly assigned. Second, we conducted single-group repeated public goods experiments to in­vestigate whether more homogeneous groups were more successful in resisting the trend of de­creasing cooperation levels that is routinely observed in repeated games. In a third set of expe­ri­ments, we tested whether between-group competition for a valued good increased within-group cooperation, and additionally investigated whether this was more strongly the case if groups were culturally different from one another (using political affiliation and German vs. Dutch natio­nality). Finally, we introduced a punishment option in the between-group competitive game, and tested whether between-group competition led to increased punishment of free riders. Findings The first experiment revealed significant ingroup favouritism, but we found no evidence of out­group hostility as culturally contrasting fellow group members were not treated more unfa­vou­rab­ly than randomly assigned group members. The second experiment showed higher levels of cooperation in homogeneous groups, but group homogeneity did not moderate the decline in coope­ration levels across the rounds of the game. Contrary to the parochialism thesis, but in line with recent work in sociology and experimental economics on the effects of diversity on coope­ration (see project 6.2), we find that group homogeneity raises contribution levels of individuals re­gard­less of whether they are in a minority position in a group dominated by cultu­ral­ly different others. This suggests that the positive effect of group homogeneity on coope­ration is not prima­rily a result of parochial ingroup/outgroup biases, but due to other advantages of homo­geneous groups. The third experiment showed that in line with group selection theories, intergroup com­pe­ti­tion raises within-group cooperation levels: Subjects com­pet­ing in a cultural in­group against an outgroup cooperated significantly more than those who were placed in an out­group compet­ing against a group of cultural ingroup members. However, the size of this paro­chialism effect was small compared to that of intergroup compe­ti­tion. In line with the expecta­tions, the final experiment showed that subjects were more likely to punish free riders in inter­group compete­tion settings. Taken together, the results provide strong evidence that group cooperation increa­ses with group homogeneity and intergroup competition. Com­pared to the importance of these factors, support for cultural ingroup/out­group biases as predic­ted by the parochialism thesis is weaker and less consistent. Translated to interethnic relations in the con­text of immigration, the findings support the idea that cultural diversity may undermine com­mu­nities' capacity for collec­tive action and raise the potential for intergroup con­flict. How­ever, the fact that effects of shared fate (i.e. membership of the same payoff group) are much stronger than those of shared cultural group membership suggests that the extent to which such negative outcomes will occur depends importantly on how ethnicity interacts with socio-economic status and material interests."
Year 2005
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42 Project

Discourse and Migration

Authors Teun A. van Dijk
Book Title Qualitative Research in European Migration Studies
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43 Book Chapter

Points of Departure: Geographical, Historical and Theoretical Contexts

Authors Alistair Hunter
Book Title Retirement Home? Ageing Migrant Workers in France and the Question of Return
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45 Book Chapter

Ukrainian Migration to Poland: A “Local” Mobility?

Authors Marta Kindler, Zuzanna Brunarska, Monika Szulecka, ...
Book Title Ukrainian Migration to the European Union
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46 Book Chapter

Freedom of Movement Needs to Be Defended as the Core of EU Citizenship

Authors Floris De Witte
Book Title Debating European citizenship
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47 Book Chapter

The New European Migration Laboratory: East Europeans in West European Cities

Authors Adrian Favell
Book Title Between Mobility and Migration
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49 Book Chapter

EU Migration and the Economic Crisis: Concepts and Issues

Authors Mikolaj Stanek, Jean-Michel Lafleur
Book Title South-North Migration of EU Citizens in Times of Crisis
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50 Book Chapter
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