Migrant communities and networks

"Theoretical background and objectives There is a growing body of research that examines the relation between immigrants’ social capital and their labour market performance. More specifically, the difference between bonding and bridging social capital is addressed. The general conclusion is that social capital, especially that of the bridging type, contributes to a better position on the labour market. However, it is not clear to what extent this relation can be generalized to other European countries, or whether it is rather subject to contextual characteristics. In other words, it is not known to what extent macro-level determinants influence the returns to one’s individual social capital. To date, no cross-national study on the economic returns of immigrants’ social capital exits. The current proposal aims to carry out such a study. Secondly, an ongoing question in integration research is how ethnic minorities perform in the labour market in comparison to the native population. Such relative disadvantages are often referred to as ethnic penalties. Net ethnic penalties signal ethnic inequality and are often interpreted as evidence for discrimination (but see for a discussion Phalet & Heath 2010). Previous work shows that net penalties are considerable, both for the first and subsequent generations. A pressing question in migration studies is how features of the receiving society matter for the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants. This project contributes to the existing literature by empirically testing explanations for cross-national variation in ethnic penalties."

" In dem Projekt wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern soziale Kontakte den Bildungserfolg und die Lehrstellensuche von Schülern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund beeinflussen. Es wurde sowohl die soziale als auch die ethnische Zusammensetzung der Netzwerke von Schülern und von ihren Müttern berücksichtigt. Um sich der Frage theoretisch anzunähern, welche Effekte soziale Netzwerke auf den strukturellen Erfolg von Akteuren haben sollten, wurde auf das Konzept des Sozialkapitals zurückgegriffen. Hinsichtlich möglicher Auswirkungen der ethnischen Zusammensetzung von Migrantennetzwerken wurde zudem auf gängige Assimilationstheorien eingegangen und es wurde eine Verbindung zwischen ihnen und dem Sozialkapitalkonzept hergestellt.Für die empirischen Analysen wurden Daten aus dem Projekt „Kinder und Jugendliche aus Zuwandererfamilien im deutschen und israelischen Bildungssystem“ verwendet. Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl die soziale als auch die migrantenspezifische Netzwerkzusammensetzung Auswirkungen auf den Bildungserfolg haben, wobei sich der Einfluss allerdings durch unterschiedliche Mechanismen ergibt. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Netzwerkzusammensetzung sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, dass sich diese weniger auf die Leistungen der Schüler, als vielmehr auf ihre Leistungsbereitschaft sowie die Bildungswünsche, Bildungserwartungen und Bildungsentscheidungen auswirkt. Netzwerke von Migranten, in denen sich überwiegend Personen der eigenen Ethnie befinden bzw. in denen vorwiegend die Herkunftssprache gesprochen wird, haben hingegen negative Auswirkungen auf die schulischen Leistungen der Schüler während die Aspirationen und Bildungsentscheidungen nicht substanziell beeinflusst werden. Die Analysen weisen darauf hin, dass Bildungsungleichheiten unter anderem auf eine unterschiedliche Sozialkapitalausstattung der Akteure zurückzuführen sind. Die grundlegenden Zusammenhänge gelten sowohl für die Netzwerke der Schüler als auch für die Netzwerke ihrer Mütter. Im Gegensatz hierzu haben lediglich die Netzwerke der Mütter Auswirkungen auf den Erfolg der Lehrstellensuche, wobei der Umfang und die soziale Zusammensetzung der Netzwerke von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Die Jugendlichen selbst scheinen noch nicht über substanziell hilfreiche soziale Kontakte für die Lehrstellensuche zu verfügen.Insgesamt konnte in dem Projekt ein umfassender Überblick darüber erlangt werden, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Eigenschaften von Schüler- und von Mütternetzwerken auf unterschiedliche Determinanten des Bildungserfolgs und beim Übergang in das Berufsausbildungssystem haben."

This study aims to examine the social legacies of the Olympic Games and other sporting mega events in Greece and more specifically focuses on the impacts and legacies that such events can have on social capital as an important aspect in maintaining a productive and lively society. Roche (1994, p. 1) describes mega events as “short-term events with long-term consequences”. This description points clearly to the economic as well as political, social and cultural motives that persuade cities and countries to bid for the hosting of events such as the Olympic Games. One of the problems of evaluating legacy impacts across a range of dimensions (e.g. social, cultural, health, environmental and economic) is that there is an inevitable pressure to convert these dimensions into a single economic and ‘tangible’ measure to facilitate the evaluation of performance. However, defining ‘legacy’ is problematic especially if conceived as an entirely predictable or measurable set of objectives. Studies on the social impacts and mega events are very limited, while research evidence on mega events and the social impacts in relation to certain activities (such as volunteering) or marginal social groups (such as immigrants) has been even rarer. Especially the impact of sporting mega events in enhancing social capital (e.g. through the development of a sense of place and community pride) is largely unresearched. This project aims to address this absence in the relevant literature and to provide further knowledge through rigorous theory-informed research and scholarship. There are two major research questions: 1) What are the impacts of sporting mega events on social capital? (Positive or negative)/ do they generate short-term or long-term legacies? 2) How sporting mega events affect the social capital of specific groups? a) How volunteering affects individuals? b) To what extent sporting mega events have an impact on the social capital of marginal populations such as immigrants?

The increasingly multiethnic nature of modern societies has spurred academic interest in the consequences of diversity. Recent scholarship has linked ethnoracial diversity to undesirable collective outcomes, e.g., low levels of trust, civic engagement, and social capital. These findings have important policy implications, in part because they resonate with public anxieties about immigration, residential integration, and the role of the welfare state. The proposed research will investigate the micro-mechanisms through which contact promotes or impedes solidarity and cooperation in diverse communities. More generally, this research moves beyond communitarian conceptions of social capital to understand the building blocks of solidarity in contemporary, diverse societies. To investigate the micro-level dynamics that link intergroup contact to solidarity and cooperation, this project takes an innovative field-experimental approach, which moves beyond observational data. In particular, the project uses lab-in-the-field experimental games to assess the dispositional mechanisms – such as generalized altruism, group solidarity, reciprocity, and sanctioning – that bring about solidarity and cooperation in various group settings. This revised version of the proposal addresses all the panel observations and implements changes accordingly. First, I have limited the research to project 3 (P3), and cut projects 1 (P1) and 2 (P2). Second, the duration of the project has been reduced to 48 months. Third, all expenses related to P1 and P2 have been cut.

Migracje zagraniczne i ich wielowymiarowe skutki stają się istotnym komponentem rozwoju w coraz większej liczbie regionów w Polsce. W sensie pozytywnym bądź negatywnym oraz w sposób bezpośredni lub pośredni oddziałują na podstawowe czynniki ich rozwoju, tj. na kapitał ludzki, społeczny oraz finansowy. Ocena tego oddziaływania jest jednak wysoce ambiwalentna (por. ramka 1), aczkolwiek wyniki prezentowanych badań silniej potwierdzają obawy, a w mniejszym stopniu wskazują na szanse, jakie z procesem emigracji wiążą regiony wysyłające. Odpływ migracyjny ogranicza możliwości wykorzystania kapitału ludzkiego i tym samym wyhamowuje dynamikę regionalnej gospodarki. Jednakże emigranci mogą też pozytywnie wpłynąć na możliwości rozwojowe regionu, gdy wykorzystają zdobyte za granicą wiedzę i umiejętności do budowania jego przewagi konkurencyjnej. Kapitał społeczny jest trudno kwantyfikowalny, jednak migracje z pewnością mają wpływ na podstawowe jego kategorie, a mianowicie zarówno na aktywność społeczną, jak i przedsiębiorczość. W pierwszym przypadku znacznie ograniczają regionalny potencjał w tym zakresie, w drugim również, chyba że wzbogacony za granicą kapitał migrantów stanie się cennym źródłem regionalnej innowacyjności po ich powrocie do regionu. Również kapitał finansowy jest niezbędny w procesie rozwoju gospodarczego, a stopień jego wykorzystania w regionie określają m.in. dochody ludności oraz samorządów terytorialnych. Dzięki pracy za granicą dochody mieszkańców mogą się istotnie zwiększyć. Przeznaczane na konsumpcję zwiększają w efekcie popyt wewnętrzny w regionie oraz podnoszą możliwości realizacji nowych inwestycji. Z drugiej jednak strony, jeśli kapitał finansowy analizować w aspekcie sytuacji finansowej samorządów terytorialnych, to odpływ pracowników może oznaczać wymierną utratę dochodów z podatków oraz, w najgorszym wypadku, utratę środków zainwestowanych w wykształcenie i wyszkolenie wykwalifikowanych pracowników.

In this paper I research economic, non-economic and the institutional determinants of bilateral migration flows into OECD countries. My contribution to the growing literature is two-fold. First, I explicitly account for the panel structure of migration costs information acquisition, physical costs of the move and social exclusion). Second, building upon Beine et al. (2011b), I proceed with the analysis of determinants of bilateral migration flows disaggregated by educational attainments in the panel data environment. The preliminary results show that the defined cost variables are significant in explaining the volume and composition of the flow of migrants, the result not being sensitive to the model specification. Network effects promote negative self-selection and the quality of migrants positively correlates, while the physical distance, existence of a common language and colonial links between countries are insignificant in explaining the educational composition of migrants. I further conclude that the restrictive and skill selective immigration policies of the major destination countries bias the conventional role of the economic push and pull factors.

Das Projekt ist Teil der sogenannten Säule 4 "Bildungswerb mit Migrationshintergrund im Lebensverlauf" des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS). Ergänzend zu anderen NEPS-Schwerpunkten werden die Probleme spezifisch ethnischer Bildungsungleichheit und deren Verschränkung mit allgemeinen Mechanismen sozialer Bildungsungleichheit untersucht. Zahlreiche Studien zeigen, dass Schüler mit Migrationshintergrund oftmals ungünstigere Bildungsverläufe, niedrigere schulische Kompetenzen sowie geringere Bildungsrenditen vorweisen als Gleichaltrige ohne Migrationshintergrund. Zwar konnten im Rahmen einzelner Untersuchungen bereits eine Reihe von Hypothesen und Mechanismen formuliert und erste Erklärungen dieser Unterschiede gegeben werden, für die Überprüfung zahlreicher Hypothesen fehlen bislang jedoch geeignete Daten. Das Projekt soll als Teil des NEPS zur Schließung dieser Lücke beitragen. Von der Arbeitsgruppe am MZES werden dafür Messinstrumente zu ethnischen Ressourcen und kulturellen Orientierungen entwickelt, v.a. zu Sozialem Kapital und Segmentierter Assimilation sowie Identität, Akkulturation, Religiosität und Transnationalismus. Die entwickelten Instrumente werden in verschiedenen NEPS-Teilstudien eingesetzt.

"After more than half a century of mass immigration to Europe, the consequences of increasing ethnic diversity in Europe are far from clear. More specifically, one of the prominent questions on today’s research agenda is how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion and attitudes towards immigrants. This project aims to contribute to answering this question. Recently, ample attention has been paid to the relation between ethnic diversity and social cohesion in the neighbourhood. Putnam (2007), for example, claims that in the short run, immigration and ethnic diversity tend to reduce solidarity and social capital. Several scholars report that ethnic diversity affects social cohesion (Lancee & Dronkers 2011; Letki 2008; Tolsma, Van der Meer & Gesthuizen 2009; Putnam 2007; Gijsberts, van der Meer & Dagevos 2011; Alesina & La Ferrara 2000)and attitudes towards immigrants (Schlueter & Scheepers 2010; Pettigrew & Tropp 2006). To date, little longitudinal research has been done on the relation between ethnic diversity and social cohesion in Germany. The objective of this project is to carry out longitudinal analyses with the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (GSOEP) and neighbourhood data on the zip code level. In short, I will examine the relation between neighbourhood diversity and indicators of social cohesion and attitudes toward immigration."

The Undocumented Worker Transitions (UWT) project will document the factors that underlie migration flows, illegal and legal, focusing on undocumented migrants and under-documented migrants, whose migration status limits or prevents their working. The link between work and migration flows is at its heart: what knowledge such migrants have of their host labour markets, how they find work, what work they do, what transitions between different jobs and statuses take place and what impact their working arrangements and migration have more generally both in the host country and in their countries of origin. Recognising that gender, age and ethnicity are key factors in understanding migrant and refugee flows, UWT will analyse migration and work trajectories in a differentiated way to better understand the process. The ethical issues are considerable and the project will guarantee its interviewees complete anonymity while ensuring that researchers' personal safety is not compromised. Its purpose is to deepen understanding and awareness of contemporary migration flows and to present clear choices to policymakers, not to provide an assessment of the efficacy of policing. Our objectives are as follows: to give more reliable estimates of migration and refugee flows into the EU; to deepen understanding of the impact of migration flows on EU labour markets; to theorise the relationship between the presence of 'informal' or 'shadow' industry labour markets and migration flows; to map and model migrant and refugee pathways in to and within the EU; to deepen knowledge of how legal status interacts with migrant labour market positions; to deepen understanding of the impact of migration flows on countries of origin; to test key theories concerning human capital and social capital in relation to migration; and to explore the particular consequences of migration for women workers, including trafficked workers. At the core are in-depth interviews with 210 migrant and refugee workers.

'This research project aims at contributing to the debate over religion and politics in the EU by considering the role played by Catholicism in shaping civil society mobilizations in Southern European regions. The underlying theoretical issues of this project do refer to the classical debates about a) the weberian perspective on the elective affinities between religious ethics, economic and politics; b) the role of culture and social capital in the regional economic development; c) the neo-institutionalist debates about the interaction between the EU, state, substate public authorities and civil society actors. The project will focus on the Catholic third sector. Empirical support will be taken from fieldwork research carried out in three Southern European regions: the Basque Autonomous Community (Spain), Aquitaine (France) and Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Overall hypothesis: despite the institutional and societal decline of Catholicism, religious actors do have not renounced to interfere in public debates. Rather, they have renewed their repertoire of action when becoming civil society actors among others in a pluralistic environment. Far from being confined to the private sphere, religion still plays a significant role in the European public sphere, either as an identity resource, an ethical reference or a ritual provider. As an ethical reference, Catholicism may bias civil society mobilisations towards more caring and community-oriented dynamics and outcomes. As an organization, the Catholic Church defends both general causes and its own interests, and is involved in territorial governance networks associating civil society actors, private bodies and public authorities. This hypothesis will be tested through three case-studies: a) Historical legacy: Catholicism and the emergence of territorial social economies; b) The Catholic third sector and the issue of immigration; c) The Catholic third sector’s mediation in ethnonational conflicts.'

The main question of this research project is: how do migration policies of receiving and sending states affect the size, direction and nature of international migration to wealthy countries? The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their apparent failure to steer immigration and their many unintended, perverse effects. Due to fundamental conceptual and methodological flaws, most empirical evidence has remained largely descriptive and biased by omitting crucial sending country and policy variables. This project answers this question by embedding the systematic empirical analysis of policy effects into a comprehensive theoretical framework of the macro and meso-level forces driving international migration to and from wealthy countries. This is achieved by linking separately evolved migration theories focusing on either sending or receiving countries and integrating them with theories on the internal dynamics of migration processes. A systematic review and categorisation of receiving and sending country migration policies will provide an improved operationalisation of policy variables. Subsequently, this framework will be subjected to quantitative empirical tests drawing on gross and bilateral (country-to-country) migration flow data, with a particular focus on Europe. Methodologically, this project is groundbreaking by introducing a longitudinal, double comparative approach by studying migration flows of multiple origin groups to multiple destination countries. This design enables a unique, simultaneous analysis of origin and destination country, network and policy effects. Theoretically, this research project is innovative by going beyond simple push-pull and equilibrium models and linking sending and receiving side, and economic and non-economic migration theory. This project is policy-relevant by improving insight in the way policies shape migration processes in their interaction with other migration determinants

The main question of this research project is: how do migration policies of receiving and sending states affect the size, direction and nature of international migration to wealthy countries? The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their apparent failure to steer immigration and their many unintended, perverse effects. Due to fundamental conceptual and methodological flaws, most empirical evidence has remained largely descriptive and biased by omitting crucial sending country and policy variables. This project answers this question by embedding the systematic empirical analysis of policy effects into a comprehensive theoretical framework of the macro and meso-level forces driving international migration to and from wealthy countries. This is achieved by linking separately evolved migration theories focusing on either sending or receiving countries and integrating them with theories on the internal dynamics of migration processes. A systematic review and categorisation of receiving and sending country migration policies will provide an improved operationalisation of policy variables. Subsequently, this framework will be subjected to quantitative empirical tests drawing on gross and bilateral (country-to-country) migration flow data, with a particular focus on Europe. Methodologically, this project is groundbreaking by introducing a longitudinal, double comparative approach by studying migration flows of multiple origin groups to multiple destination countries. This design enables a unique, simultaneous analysis of origin and destination country, network and policy effects. Theoretically, this research project is innovative by going beyond simple push-pull and equilibrium models and linking sending and receiving side, and economic and non-economic migration theory. This project is policy-relevant by improving insight in the way policies shape migration processes in their interaction with other migration determinants

MInMUS investigates why, how and with what effects City Networks (CNs henceforth) voluntarily mobilise to enhance cities’ capacity to promote innovative approaches to migration governance. It does so by examining four CNs in three multilevel political settings, i.e. the supranational EU system and federalist states of Canada and the United States. The ambition is to make an original and pathbreaking contribution to the theorisation of migration policymaking and of Multilevel Governance (MLG) more generally. To this end, I conceptualise MLG as a specific configuration of policymaking which challenges state-centred hierarchies (vertical dimension) and blurs state–society boundaries (horizontal dimension); yet, contrary to the prevailing normative approach underlying the literature, I adopt a critical perspective on ‘governance’, and I regard it as both the interactive processes that lead to the production and implementation of policy and as the sets of ideas and discourses that policy actors elaborate about these processes (in terms of cooperation, coordination, participation etc). Building on this approach, MInMUS will push forward the boundaries of research on the MLG of migration in three ways: 1) from the theoretical point of view MInMUS will take an actor-centred perspective with the goal of theorizing about the institutional and political mechanisms and factors that account for the emergence of CNs as instances of MLG policy arrangements (‘why’ questions); 2) from the empirical point of view MInMUS will fill a key gap in existing research by investigating how CNs mobilise on migration and with what effects; and 3) from the methodological point of view, MInMUS will provide an innovative and comprehensive approach to the study of CNs and MLG, which combines a comparative research design with the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods.

"Theoretical background and objectives This project aims to shed new light on the causes and consequences of ethnic residential segregation, i.e. ""the degree to which two or more [ethnic] groups live separately from one another in different parts of the urban environment"" (Massey and Denton 1988: 283). While the number of papers dealing with this classic research question is large, the debate whether, to what extent and for whom ethnic residential segregation matters is far from resolved. This project addresses two issues in particular, namely interaction effects between individual and context characteristics, and the question to what extent segregation results from immigrants' deliberate choices to live among co-ethnics, or from such homphily preferences on the side of members of the majority population. Surprisingly, empirical studies investigating the prevalence and causes of immigrants' residential preferences remain scant. Guided by the preference model of residential choices (Charles 2003), we examine under which conditions and how the residential preferences of ethnic minority and majority members reflect a desire for self-segregation and avoidance of other ethnic groups or not. This study is likely to yield critical findings for both theory and applied initiatives, given that investigating the prevalence and the sources of segregation preferences is of key importance for understanding macro-level patterns of ethnic residential segregation. Research design, data and methodology In a first study, we applied multilevel generalised linear regression techniques to individual level survey data from a large metropolitan area (Duisburg) in Germany, supplemented with contextual measures of ethnic residential segregation on the neighbourhood level. We examined whether patterns of segregation were related to rates of interethnic contact, and whether this relationship differed for respondents of different socio-economic status. In a second study, we used factorial survey methodology to address majority members' preferences. One key advantage of this design is that it avoids the notorious problem of collinear contextual variables when investigating neighbourhood settings. In two within-subjects experiments conducted over the internet (total N = 1032), participants evaluated schools or residential areas with different levels of ethnic diversity (i.e. proportions of immigrants). In the vignettes describing schools and areas, we additionally varied factors that are ecologically related to diversity (i.e., neighbourhood socio-economic status and crime in residential areas, and quality of education at schools). At the person level, we measured intergroup contact and prejudice and used these variables to predict the level 1 effect of diversity on preferences for residential or school choice. We estimated a two-level random coefficients model with latent variables to explain preferences. In a third study, we will employ also an experimental factorial survey design, but this time to investigate immigrants' residential preferences. We will use quota samples of different ethnic minority groups living in Germany (e.g. Turks). Respondents will evaluate vignettes describing different residential areas which, in addition to the size of the ethnic in-group, vary systematically along additional dimensions known to affect residential choices such as neighbourhood SES, ethnic infrastructure or crime risk. Findings The first study has been completed, the second is ongoing and the third will be started in early 2011. Controlling for individual characteristics, results from the first study bring new evidence that friendships of immigrants with host society members are less prevalent in residential areas with greater degrees of ethnic segregation. The strength of this negative association, however, proves to be contingent on immigrants' educational attainment: The lower one's educational attainment, the stronger the negative association between ethnic residential segregation and immigrants' interethnic friendships. In other words, residential segregation is in particular detrimental for those sections of immigrant population for whom interethnic contacts are likely to be most important as a source of social capital, namely those of low socio-economic status. Preliminary results of the second study show that diversity had negative effects on evaluations of schools and residential areas, over and above the effects of infrastructure, crime, or quality of education. Furthermore, results indicate that intergroup contact reduced bias against diverse schools or residential areas, mediated by prejudice, but it did not produce a preference for diversity, except for people with prejudice scores as low as the sample minimum."

The last few years have witnessed an explosive increase in the use of social networking sites. Today there are over 500 million on Facebook, and 100 million on QQ - the Chinese equivalent, as well as Orkut and Twitter. The primary purpose of this research project is to determine the nature of these sites and assess the challenge they represent to assumptions at the core of social science with regard to the decline in social relations, including the degree to which these sites have been appropriated to alleviate the negative impact of this decline. It will also focus on trends including the shift to older and less affluent users, and key consequences such as the impact on migrants and on separated families which rely on such communications. It will assess recent academic debates regarding the consequence of social networks for political action and activism, the nature of privacy and the public domain. But the research method is holistic and the seven proposed books will include a general re-thinking of core social science theory in the light of this phenomenon as well as monographs on more specific trends in usage and an overall assessment of social and welfare implications. Research has mainly been on the earlier users, mainly college students and focused on the US. But recent trends suggest future growth in older populations and in middle income regions such as Brazil and Turkey. The research consists of 15 months intensive ethnographic participation and observation, appropriate given the intimate nature of these communications. There will be seven ethnographies all based in small town sites. Some aimed at demographic breadth in China, India, Brazil and Turkey others at depth in Romania, Trinidad and the UK. The study will also include long term online participation in the social networking sites themselves with 150 informants from each country. The intensity of ethnographic depth will be matched by a commitment to comparative analysis and generalisation.

"Bei dem Projekt handelt es sich um ein internationals Kooperationsprojekt mit 15 Partnern das im Rahmen der Marie Curie Actions Research and Training Activities von der Europäischen Kommission finanziert wird. Die Projektlaufzeit beträgt ab dem 1. Januar 2007 4 Jahre. Das Projekt setzt sich aus Forschungs- und Trainingsaktivitäten zusammen. I. Forschungsaktivitäten Das IAB beteiligt sich an zwei Aufgaben im Projekt: Remittances, the skill composition of migration, and social networks und Migrants integration, regional mobility, social and business networks, and trade. Im ersten Teilprojekt untersucht das IAB gemeinsam mit den Partnern von IRES die Folgen der Migration für Humankapitalinvestitionen und ihre Implikationen für die Qualifikationsstruktur der Migranten. Dafür wird ein Paneldatensatz mit Makrodaten herangezogen der von dem IAB gemeinsam mit dem IRES-Team aufgebaut wurde bzw. aufgebaut wird. Das IAB wird darüber hinaus Mikodatensätze wie die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe den Partnern im Projekt zur Verfügung stellen bzw. bei der Arbeit mit den Partnern beraten. Im zweiten Teilprojekt wird das IAB die Effekte der regionalen Verteilung der Migranten über die Länder untersuchen: Die Determinanten und Ursachen der regionalen Konzentration von Migranten in prosperienden urbanen Regionen, die Substitution der regionalen Migration von Inländern durch internationale Migranten, die Lohneffekte der internationalen Migration in verschiedenen Regionen bei zentralen Tarifverhandlungen. Das IAB wird in diesem Teilprojekt mit dem CEPR-Team und der Universität Turin kooperieren. II. Trainingsaktivitäten Im Rahmen des Projektes wird jedes Jahr eine Summer-School für die Junior-Forscher in dem Exzellenznetzwerk sowie externe Teilnehmer durchgeführt. Die Organisation wird von den italienischen Partnern im Projekt übernommen, das IAB wird sich durch Vorträge und Lehrangebote an dem Programm beteiligen. Ferner wird jährlich ein internationaler Workshop durchgeführt, das IAB ist an der Vorbereitung beteiligt. Schließlich wird das IAB einen oder mehrere Junior-Wissenschaftler aus anderen EU-Staaten einstellen, die on-the-job qualifiziert werden. Projektmethode Das empirische Forschungsprogramm stützt sich überwiegend auf Panelregressionen mit Makrodaten. Makrodaten zur Migration, Qualifikationsstruktur der Migranten sowie Löhne und Beschäftigung nach Ländern und Regionen in der EU. Projektziel Die Analyse des Einflusses der Migration auf Humankapitalinvestitionen, Arbeitsmärkte und die Integration der Migranten."