Unaccompanied minors

Unaccompanied minors are foreign nationals below the age of 18 who are separated from their parents and other relatives, and who are not cared for by an adult. This category includes minors who are left unaccompanied after they entered a new country (IOM, 2011). The group is interchangeably defined as ‘unaccompanied children’ or ‘unaccompanied migrant minors’. Research in this category includes studies on integration, trauma, the transition to adulthood, children’s rights, and migration policy and management.

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EMN report on children in migration 2021 - 2022: An overview

Authors European Migration Network (EMN)
Description Read More
Year 2024
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1 Report

Improving the quality of Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers' Guardianship and Care in Central European Countries

Description
The overall objective of this project is to contribute towards the enhancement of the quality of guardianship and harmonization and standardization of the overall assistance and care provided to unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (UAMAS) in Central European countries in line with the EU Action Plan on Unaccompanied Minors, the relevant EU directives and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Year 2011
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5 Project

The impact of flight experiences on the psychological wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors

Description Read More
Year 2017
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8 Project

The impact of flight experiences on the psychological wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors

Principal investigator Ilse Derluyn (Principal Investigator)
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Year 2017
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9 Project

Unaccompanied Minors? An analysis of the legal situation of abandoned children born in Hungary

Authors Mária TEMESVARI
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Year 2012
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11 Report

The asylum-child welfare paradox: unaccompanied minors in Austria

Authors Ayse Dursun, Birgit Sauer
Year 2021
Journal Name HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
Citations (WoS) 3
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13 Journal Article

Wie Alter den Unterschied macht: Klassifikationspraktiken, Zugehörigkeit und politische Subjektivität bei jungen Geflüchteten in Deutschland

Principal investigator Katharina Schramm (Principal Investigator)
Description Read More
Year 2019
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14 Project

Unaccompanied Minors in Norway : Policies, Practices and Data in 2014

Authors Staver Anne, Lidén Hilde
Description
This study presents policies, practices and statistics on unaccompanied minor asylum seekers from arrival until settlement or return. It is a contribution to a comparative study by the European Migration Network.
Year 2014
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16 Report

Media Literacy for Unaccompanied Refugee Youth - A Path to Integration

Description Read More
Year 2017
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18 Project

Who's Best Interests ? Exploring Unaccompanied Minor's Rights Through the Lens of Migration and Asylum Procedures

Principal investigator Mateja Sedmak (Principal Investigator), Daniel Senovilla Hernández (Investigator)
Description Read More
Year 2014
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19 Project

(Member) States’ Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination (Country report Luxembourg)

Authors Ralph Petry, Adolfo Sommarribas, Kelly Adao Do Carmo, ...
Description Read More
Year 2018
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21 Report

Unaccompanied immigrant minors in the Canary Islands: A legal approach

Description
The Canary Islands have received significant numbers of unaccompanied minors, especially during 2006. This pheno-menon has resulted in the need to develop an appropriate policy response across the Spanish State and the European Union. The proposals to establish special protected status for unaccompanied migrant children have generated con-siderable controversy within the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands, since it has assumed competence for taking the necessary measures for the protection of minors within its territory. This paper provides an overview of the relevant legislation and policies on reception, return and integration applicable to unaccompanied minors, analysing the difficulties that policymakers must take into account as they address the phenomenon of child migration
Year 2012
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25 Report

Seeking Asylum Alone: Unaccompanied and Separated Children and Refugee Protection in the U.S.

Authors Jacqueline. Bhabha, Susan, Master of Science. Schmidt
Year 2007
Journal Name The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth
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27 Journal Article

Border and Journey Experience of Unaccompanied Children Under International Protection In Turkey

Authors Apak Kerem Altıntop
Year 2023
Journal Name Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
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29 Journal Article

Unaccompanied immigrant minors in the Canary Islands: A legal approach

Description
The Canary Islands have received significant numbers of unaccompanied minors, especially during 2006. This pheno-menon has resulted in the need to develop an appropriate policy response across the Spanish State and the European Union. The proposals to establish special protected status for unaccompanied migrant children have generated con-siderable controversy within the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands, since it has assumed competence for taking the necessary measures for the protection of minors within its territory. This paper provides an overview of the relevant legislation and policies on reception, return and integration applicable to unaccompanied minors, analysing the difficulties that policymakers must take into account as they address the phenomenon of child migration
Year 2012
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30 Report

Unaccompanied immigrant minors in the Canary Islands: A legal approach

Authors El Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife (OBITen)
Description
The Canary Islands have received significant numbers of unaccompanied minors, especially during 2006. This pheno-menon has resulted in the need to develop an appropriate policy response across the Spanish State and the European Union. The proposals to establish special protected status for unaccompanied migrant children have generated con-siderable controversy within the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands, since it has assumed competence for taking the necessary measures for the protection of minors within its territory. This paper provides an overview of the relevant legislation and policies on reception, return and integration applicable to unaccompanied minors, analysing the difficulties that policymakers must take into account as they address the phenomenon of child migration
Year 2012
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31 Report

Integratie en vertrek van een recent cohort AMV's in Nederland (2014-2019)

Authors Statistics Netherlands, Research and Documentation Centre, Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security, S.M. Noyon, ...
Description Read More
Year 2020
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35 Report

Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers in the Netherlands. Choice or chance?

Authors Research and Documentation Centre, Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security, Sanne Noyon, Monika Smit, ...
Description
Worldwide, many migrants leave their countries in search of safety and internation- al protection. In 2015, the number of asylum seekers in Europe reached a peak. Among them were unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (UMAs). The current study aimed to shed light on the push and pull factors that played a role in the flight of the UMAs who arrived in the Netherlands in 2015, to understand the processes through which these minors ultimately ended up in this country, their expectations regarding the intended destination, if any, and their satisfaction with life in the Netherlands – topics about which little is known so far.
Year 2018
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36 Report

I have nothing to lose - Nomadic unaccompanied minors in Europe

Description
Unaccompanied minors (UM) coming to Europe form an especially vulnerable group of migrant children, traveling without their parents or other adults exercising authority over them. In many European countries, asking for international protection is the main way for them to receive accommodation and a residence permit. However, minors coming from so-called safe countries, where in general there is no (fear of) persecution (e.g. Morocco, and in the Netherlands until June 2021 Algeria) have little or no chance of receiving a residence permit. Some of these mostly North African youngsters travel from one European country to another, in search of opportunities to work and earn money. The aim of this study was to learn more about the background of this group of minors, and gain knowledge about the experiences of other European countries with this specific group of minors. The general aims of this study were: to paint a picture of the nomadic existence of UMs with (multiple) problems in Europe; to investigate the underlying reasons of their nomadic behaviour and the (multiple)problems they have; and to explore the type of (policy) measures that are taken regarding the supervision and care of this group in other European countries.
Year 2023
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37 Report

SUMMIT: Safeguarding Unaccompanied Migrant Minors from going Missing by Identifying Best Practices and Training Actors on Interagency Cooperation

Description
SUMMIT addresses how the issue of the disappearance of an unaccompanied child is tackled in different Member States and promotes successful strategies and behaviours related to the prevention and response to these disappearances. The project specifically looked at combining the experience of both the actors which primarily deal with the care of unaccompanied children and those which focus on disappearances of children, including law enforcement and hotlines for missing children, and from that combination examine how to cooperate better and on what issues.
Year 2014
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41 Project

8 NGOs in 11 States: 8 NGOs for migrants/refugees' health needs in 11 countries

Description
Eight NGOs will support the health authorities of 11 Member States (BE, BG, DE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, NO, SE, SI) in providing adequate and accessible health services to newly arrived migrants with a specific focus on children, unaccompanied minors and pregnant women. Where needed, flexible and adaptive mobile health surveillance and response units will identify arrival and transit locations and provide general health assessments. Individual mental and physical health assessments will be conducted using the standardized personal health record developed by IOM and DG SANTE. Migrants will receive a health booklet to facilitate referrals to adequate and accessible primary healthcare (including vaccinations). Psychosocial support and preventative care will also be delivered. Depending on the rapidly changing context, and as long as adequate patient privacy can be ensured, actions will take place in mobile units, in temporary ‘clinics’ or in already existing centres run by the partner organizations or one of their associate local partners. Wherever possible, access to national health systems will be supported through social and health mediation activities and the provision of information on migrants’ rights to access care.
Year 2016
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42 Project

Refugee and Migrant Children- Including Unaccompanied and Separated Children - in the EU

Description
IOM-UNHCR-UNICEF Interagency Factsheet on Refugee and Migrant Children (including unaccompanied and separated children) compiles available data on children on the move in Europe. It provides overview of trends (quarterly and annual) in regards to overall arrivals to Europe, number of asylum claims, relocations, nationality breakdown of children, information about accompanied and unaccompanied and separated children, protection concerns, reception conditions. The factsheet is accessible on pdf reports under the "Data Products" section on the page "Latest on the refugee and migrant crisis" of UNICEF
Year 2016
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44 Data Set

Charting Directions for Research on Immigrant Children Affected by Undocumented Status

Authors Luis H. Zayas, Kalina M. Brabeck, Laurie Cook Heffron, ...
Year 2017
Journal Name Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences
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49 Journal Article

PRUMA: Promoting Family Reunification and transfer of Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers (UMASs) under the Dublin Regulation

Description
The PRUMA project aimed at promoting the efficient and safe family reunification of unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (hereinafter UMASs), tried to address procedural gaps by developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). In addition, based on the experience and insights gathered throughout the project implementation, IOM drafted some shared recommendations with main stakeholders, trying to overcome the shortcomings and red tapes that can make the overall family reunification process too complex and lengthy for the applicants, while ensuring respect for the best interests of the child.
Year 2014
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50 Project

Emotional and relational realms of unaccompanied migrant adolescents: an approach to their lived experiences

Authors Elena Rodríguez-Ventosa Herrera, Isabel Muñoz San Roque, María Angustias Roldán Franco
Year 2024
Journal Name Revista Española de Sociología
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52 Journal Article

statistical data from the greek ministry of migration policy

Description
Statistical data of the Greek Asylum Service: asylum applications by gender and age ranges, region of registration and country of origin, first instance procedure, unaccompanied minors; pending applications, appeals; relocation; Dublin
Year 2013
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53 Data Set

Tracing UMAs´ families A comparative study of some European countries´ practices and experiences in tracing the parents or caregivers of unaccompanied minor asylum seekers

Authors Kirsten Danielsen, Marie Louise Seeberg
Description
This report is a study of different European countries´ practices and experiences in tracing the parents or other caregivers of separated minor asylum seekers. The term "unaccompanied minor asylum seekers" (UMAs) refers to children under the age of 18 who are separated from their caregivers, and who apply for asylum in a foreign country. The increase in the numbers of UMAs arriving in Europe from 2000-2003, along with an understanding of UMAs as particularly vulnerable, formed the point of departure for the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration to initiate this study. Our main source of data has been an electronic, web-based survey. The questionnaire was sent to Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. None of these countries have a separate tracing unit within the organization responsible for tracing UMAs´ families. All the countries co-operate with NGOs, mostly with the national offices of the Red Cross on an ad hoc basis.Some countries make use of their embassies or other diplomatic missions in the UMAs countries of origin. Our findings show that tracing work is both difficult and resource-demanding, and the success rate generally low. Furthermore, not all successful family tracing leads to family reunification. In most cases, if the countries do not succeed in their tracing attempts or adequate care is not available in the country of origin or a third country, the minor is given temporary or permanent residence in the receiving country.
Year 2006
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56 Report

Unaccompanied Young Migrants from Africa: The Case of Mauritania

Authors Fabienne Tanon, Abdoulaye Sow
Year 2013
Journal Name The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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57 Journal Article

THE EMANCIPATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN CHILD PROTECTION CENTRES: THE PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Authors Isabel Martinez Salvador, Jesus Muyor Rodriguez, Rocio Lopez San Luis
Year 2021
Journal Name OBETS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES
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59 Journal Article

Unaccompanied Foreign Minors: Life projects of young Africans in the Canary Islands

Description
The intensification of irregular African immigration in the Canary Islands resulted in the arrival of thousands of unaccompanied fo-reign minors (MENA in Spanish: Menores Extranjeros No Acompa-ñados), reaching a peak of maximum intensity in 2006 during the so-called “cayuco crisis”. This population of immigrants under the age of 18 is under the tutelage of the government of the Canary Islands and is placed in specific reception centers for foreign mi-nors (CAME in Spanish: Centro de Acogida para Menores Extran-jeros). The paper presents the methodology and main results of a research project, implemented by the author for the Observatory of Immigration in Tenerife (OBITen), about what these young Africans experienced when turned into Unaccompanied Foreign Minors by an administrative process whose aim is to protect them as vulne-rable persons.The project fieldwork included in-depth interviews with immigrant minors and experts. Additionally we carried out semi-structured interviews with professionals linked to the development and edu-cation of the unaccompanied foreign minors. We also organized focus groups with the resident Canary Islands population.The results we obtained reveal shortcomings in several areas: in the personal and emotional experience this process supposes for the migrants, in the area of administration and management and, particularly, concerning the transition from the condition of unac-companied foreign minor to the status of adult immigrant.
Year 2012
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61 Report

JUSTICE IN MEXICO IN CASE OF MIGRANT CHILDREN NOT ACCOMPANIED OR WITH DISABILITY

Authors Gisela Maria Perez Fuentes
Year 2019
Journal Name BARATARIA-REVISTA CASTELLANO-MANCHEGA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES
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71 Journal Article

FRA’s regular overviews of migration-related fundamental rights concerns

Description
In view of the increased numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU, FRA publishes monthly reports highlighting key developments about the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in selected EU Member States (up to 14 Member States, including AT, BG, DE, DK, EL, ES, FI FR, HU, IT, NL, PL, SE, SK). The monthly overviews are published as of January 2016 and include a focus section on a particular topic of concern each month, e.g. hate crime, unaccompanied children, family reunification, etc. FRA published weekly overviews encompassing a period of eight weeks from September to November 2015. From January 2016 FRA is publishing monthly updates that cover a variety of different issues, including: - initial registration and asylum applications, with particular attention to the situation of vulnerable people - criminal proceedings initiated for offences related to irregular border crossing - child protection - reception conditions for new arrivals, focusing on the situation of children and other vulnerable people - access to healthcare - public response such as rallies of support, humanitarian assistance or voluntary work - racist incidents such as demonstrations, online hate speech or hate crime.
Year 2016
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73 Data Set

Approaches to unaccompanied minors following status determination

Authors European Migration Network (EMN)
Description Read More
Year 2018
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78 Report

Leaving Care: Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Young Afghans Facing Return

Authors Kim Robinson, Lucy Williams
Year 2015
Journal Name Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees
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83 Journal Article

MyHealth: MyHealth

Description
aims to improve healthcare access for vulnerable migrants and refugees, in particular women and unaccompanied minors, who have recently arrived in Europe. To this end the project partners, which include universities, research institutes and charities from seven EU countries, will develop and implement models to engage vulnerable migrants and refugees in their health through community empowerment and learning.
Year 2017
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85 Project

“Refugees” and Others: The Production of Flight-related Figures Since the 1970s

Principal investigator Isabella Löhr (Principal Investigator), Jochen Oltmer (Principal Investigator)
Description
The 1970s witnessed an intensification of social debates about flight and asylum in German-speaking Europe, and these contestations remain acute to this day. The increasing significance of flight and asylum led to an expansion in the social production of flight-related figures, who are at the center of this project. The creation and usage of such figures communicates ideas about the (il)legitimacy of (potential) migrations as well as the ’utility,’ ‘danger,’ or (non-)affiliation of those who are on the move. The older figure of the ‘refugee’ – a figure that tends to have positive connotations – was encumbered with new and mostly negative meanings, and thereby made to appear different. Various figures emerged from these negotiations, such as ‘asylum seekers,’ ‘unaccompanied minors,’ ‘boat refugees,’ 'tolerated persons', 'refugees', 'vulnerable refugee women', 'economic migrants' or 'illegal migrants'. This project assumes that historical figures and categories are constructed and they become relevant for the perception and classification of people on the move, as well as for the ways in which society deals with them. As such, the flight-related figures produce a specific knowledge about migration that is closely linked to social processes of closure or opening and to competing interpretative sovereignties. The figures thus provide information about migration regimes that vary in historical and spatial terms, and in which migration has been negotiated in particular ways from the 1970s to the present day.
Year 2024
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86 Project

Levekår i mottak for enslige mindreårige asylsøkere

Authors Hilde Lidén, Kjetil Eide, Knut Nilsen, ...
Description Read More
Year 2013
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88 Report

Assessing Parental Fitness and Care for Unaccompanied Children

Authors Lauren Heidbrink
Year 2017
Journal Name RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
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89 Journal Article

The CRC of Unaccompanied Asylum Seekers in Finland

Authors Mervi Kaukko
Year 2017
Journal Name The International Journal of Children’s Rights
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90 Journal Article

Age is Just a Number? Supporting Migrant Young People with Precarious Legal Status in the UK

Authors Devyani Prabhat, Ann Singleton, Robbie Eyles
Year 2019
Journal Name The International Journal of Children’s Rights
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94 Journal Article

Leaving family behind: Understanding the irregular migration of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors

Year 2017
Book Title A long way to go: Irregular Migration Patterns, Processes, Drivers and Decision-Making
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96 Book Chapter

Asylum Information Database (AIDA)

Description Read More
Year 2012
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99 Data Set
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