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This project asks how governments of migrant sending countries can influence the rights of their low skilled migrant workers in receiving countries. The project approaches this question from both the sending and the receiving country side; looking at factors that determine when and how sending states intervene and what determines the responses from receiving countries. The surplus of aspiring migrants and economic importance of remittances would suggest sending states have little bargaining power. Single case studies however suggest that some nevertheless intervene. A comprehensive overview of the drivers of immigration and emigration policy will result in a set of hypotheses. A survey of policy makers in sending countries will generate an overview of interventions by sending country governments. The project’s core is a systematic comparative case study of six sending countries with partly overlapping receiving countries and three of these receiving countries. The sending country cases are three sets of two countries in which migrant remittances constitute a similar share of GDP but involvement with the rights of their workers abroad differ; the Philippines, Senegal, India, Ecuador, Morocco and Vietnam. The receiving countries are South Korea, Saudi Arabia and Italy. These countries vary strongly in the rights for migrant workers and the level of cooperation with sending states. QCA and process tracing will be used to assess the hypotheses. The project is innovative in 1) providing a systematic analysis of a larger number of cases including countries rarely covered in comparative studies on migrant rights, 2) examining of the actions of both sending and receiving countries, and 3) taking the trade-off between migrant numbers and rights into account. The project will push theory development forward by connecting theoretical fields and expanding geographic scope. It is policy-relevant by providing further insight into how the rights of migrant workers can be improved.

The main objectives of this study of the European Migration Network are to provide objective and reliable information about beneficiaries of international protection who travel to their country of origin or come into contact with national authorities of their country of origin, and information on cases where international protection statuses were ceased leading to, for example, the status being ended, revoked or not renewed (as per Article 45 and 46 of the recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and, ultimately, the permission to stay withdrawn. For the Luxembourgish case, it is firstly important to note that beneficiaries of the refugee status and of the status of subsidiary protection are not subject to the same restrictions with regard to travel to the country of origin or contact with national authorities. While refugees are in principle not permitted to travel to the country of origin, beneficiaries of subsidiary protection are not subject to this restriction. In this context, the phenomenon of beneficiaries of the refugee status travelling to their country of origin is currently not considered a policy priority in Luxembourg. While it does occur, there are no statistics providing information on how many refugees undertake this journey or contact the national authorities, on the reasons for travel to the country of origin, nor is there any case law on the cessation of the refugee status for reasons of travel to the country of origin. Luxembourg’s authorities are not systematically informed of such events by the authorities of other Member States. Luxembourg has no external borders with the exception of the international airport of Luxembourg, from where only an extremely limited number of flights to third countries depart. Thus, it is extremely difficult to capture the extent of the phenomenon in Luxembourg. Luxembourg’s Asylum Law establishes the re-availment of the protection of the country of origin and the voluntary re-establishment in the country of origin as grounds for cessation of the refugee status. Travel to the country of origin or contact with its national authorities are not explicitly forbidden by legislation. In principle, refugees are not permitted to travel back to the country of origin. They are provided with this information on multiple occasions: for instance at the moment of the introduction of their application, as well as when they are issued the decision granting them protection. Their travel document also clearly states the restriction. There is no notification or authorisation procedure that would authorise such travel in Luxembourg. When the Directorate of Immigration has the information that a refugee travelled back to the country of origin, it will proceed to an in-depth analysis of the personal situation of the individual. Determining that this travel is proof of the voluntary re-establishment in the country of origin is however considered extremely difficult, as it is nearly impossible to ascertain the reasons for which the refugee returned. Furthermore, a short stay in the country of origin is not necessarily considered like the (permanent) establishment in the country of origin or a proof thereof. This is also due to the fact that the Luxembourgish authorities cannot contact the authorities of the country of origin and have no tools to undertake an investigation there in order to verify that the refugee has re-established him/herself. The travel and the surrounding circumstances can be taken into account if the minister decides to re-examine the validity of the status, which could potentially lead to a withdrawal. The Directorate of Immigration has never considered ceasing protection because a refugee contacted the authorities of the country of origin. Proving that this contact occurred in the first place, and next, proving that it constitutes a re-availment of the protection of the country of origin, is considered nearly impossible. In addition, it is a fact that certain administrative procedures require the production of official documents and that the substitution of these documents with affidavits are in practice not always feasible. As previously mentioned, beneficiaries of subsidiary protection are authorised to travel back to their country of origin and are permitted to contact the authorities of their country of origin. They are even encouraged to contact the national authorities in order to obtain a national passport. These actions can thus not lead to the cessation of the status of subsidiary protection. If the decision to cease the status is taken, the beneficiary is notified of this decision in writing. The decision can be appealed before the First instance Administrative Court. If the decision of the Court is negative, the individual can file an appeal before the Second instance Administrative Court. In principle, the decision to cease international protection carries a return decision. However, the individual can apply for another residence permit if s/he fulfils the conditions established in the Immigration Law. The same is true for family members who got a residence permit through family reunification with the concerned person: the family members will lose their right to stay unless they can gain access to another residence permit under the Immigration Law.

Das deutsch-österreichische Kooperationsprojekt Smar­tIdentifikation wird ein System entwickeln, um Daten aus mitgeführten Dokumenten und Smartphones aus­zuwerten. Mithilfe dieser Daten sollen die Identität von Personen sowie die von ihnen getätigten Angaben über­prüft werden. Dazu werden die für eine Alterserkennung auf dem Smartphone gespeicherten Bilder herangezo­gen. Weiterhin wird versucht, Schleuserrouten mittels Analysen aus den erhobenen Daten zu identifizieren. Da­bei sollen auch alternative Kommunikationsplattformen zur Entdeckung der Schleuser analysiert werden. Parallel zu den technischen Entwicklungen werden die recht­lichen und ethischen Rahmenbedingungen für einen akzeptierten und rechtskonformen Einsatz des Systems im Projekt erforscht und in die technische Realisierung überführt. nnovationen und Perspektiven Das System wird es ermöglichen, bei mobilen Kontrol­len die Aussagen der Migrantinnen und Migranten zu überprüfen und ihre Mitnahme zu Polizeiwachen auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Weiterhin wird die Verfolgung von Schleuserkriminalität durch die gewonnenen Daten über Routen und Chats unterstützt. Zum Nachweis der Einsatztauglichkeit werden Feldtests durchgeführt.

The project will investigate how policies of migration management and protection systems shape access to protection, education and sustainable livelihoods for refugee populations, refugee mobility (their decision to repatriate, remain or move on to Europe or other third countries) and political developments and political stability in host communities. The analysis will focus in particular on the humanitarian responses and how refugees are provided access to education and sustainable livelihoods. The project will provide recommendations for international interventions to governments and humanitarian organisations on ways to improve current policies of migration management and refugee protection. Recommendations will focus on policy options that give refugees better access to education and sustainable livelihoods, limit tension between host population and refugees, limit secondary mobility and facilitate repatriation when possible. The project will target four countries and regions with large refugee populations: Lebanon (the Bekaa Valley); Jordan (Amman); Uganda (Nakivale); Niger (Agadez). The analysis will draw on existing, high-quality survey data on refugee and host populations in three of the regions, in combination with document analysis and qualitative interviews. We approach the refugee protection systems as systems of practice and aim to describe the structural factors that create opportunities for action for international actors, refugees, local governments and host populations, how the various actors respond to these opportunities (or lack of opportunities), as well as how they understand their own situation and opportunities.

The IMISEM project adopts a comprehensive view of migration policy that includes both its emigrant/emigration and immigrant/immigration sides, bridging the two sides of migration policy. The main research question is: how does policy offer or hinder a path for migrants to become or remain an integral part of the polity? The theoretical framework bridges the stages of entry/exit, residency in/abroad, and access to citizenship and looks for patterns of how states manage the process of migrant inclusion in or exclusion from the polity. IMISEM gathers cross-regional evidence on the variety and depth of policy configurations governing migration trajectories for different profiles of migrants. With these data it charts the connections between policies of mobility, settlement and belonging, looking forward to extracting the underlying principles structuring them, and possibly to find whether or not there are threads of coherence across the “two sides” (emi-/immigrant policies). Using a comparative area study angle, IMISEM develops a broadened perspective on the migration policy landscape across regions. Thus, it looks at 30 cases from Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia, to cover a wide breadth of migratory profiles and institutional contexts to which policies can be traced back un further analyses.

Das Vorhaben geht von der Annahme aus, dass sich Diversität und kultureller Wandel durch Zuwanderung nicht allein anhand von Wissen und Kompetenzen bemessen lassen, sondern substanziell mit Werten, Einstellungen und Emotionen auf Seiten der Zugewanderten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung verbunden sind. Ausgehend von Ansätzen sozialwissenschaftlicher und psychiatrischer Integrations- und Akkulturationsforschung verfolgt das Vorhaben die These, dass diese kognitiv-evaluativen und affektiven Dimensionen des Miteinanders essenziell für das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben und Integrationsprozesse sind. Dies gilt besonders für Zuwanderung im Kontext von Flucht und Vertreibung, da Geflüchtete oft erheblichen Stressoren ausgesetzt sind.

The aim of the project is to explore antiracist ideas, practices and strategies, focusing on women and migrants doing antiracism and everyday practices of conviviality. Methodologically the project is inspired by institutional ethnography, extended case method and ‘What’s the problem represented to be’ (WPR). In-depth, focus group interviews and participant observation will be carried in two major and two rural municipalities, where 5 different organizations/networks will be studied (human rights, migrant; antiracist, feminists and religious). participant observations. The project will provide knowledge on the elusive concept and practice of antiracism as well as new forms of conviviality in multicultural societies, with particular focus on the role of women and migrants/ethnic minorities.

Luxembourg is characterized by a very specific demographic situation with 47,9% of its resident population being non-Luxembourgish nationals as of 1 January 2018. This particular circumstance makes Luxembourg the EU Member State with the highest share of non-citizens residing on its territory. At the same time, around 85% of the foreign population are citizens of another EU Member State, leading to the fact that third-country nationals constitute only 7,3% of the total resident population of Luxembourg, the lowest share of foreigners coming from a third-country in the European Union. Integration is defined in national legislation as a ‘two-way process by which the foreigners shows their will to participate on a long-term basis to the host society, which, in turn, takes all the necessary measures at the social, economic, political, and cultural levels, to encourage and facilitate this approach. Integration is a task that the State, municipalities and civil society achieve together’. In addition to this legal provision, several strategic documents, most notably the multi-annual national action plan on integration 2018, or PAN integration, published in July 2018, make reference to integration and its definition. The PAN integration provides the framework for the programs and tools favouring the social cohesion of Luxembourgish and non-Luxembourgish nationals and the overall national integration policy by identifying five priority domains, one of which explicitly relates to the reinforcement of employability of non-Luxembourgish nationals. Generally speaking, employment is viewed as a core element of the overall integration process, making both the access to as well as the integration into the Luxembourgish labour market a key element in becoming a part of society. At the same time, this access to and integration into the labour market pose a challenge, particularly to third-country nationals, as the statistics show that their employment rate is lower than that of Luxembourgish nationals or citizens of another EU Member State. Third-country nationals are predominantly occupied in the accommodation and food service activities sector, followed by the administrative and support service activities sector and the wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector. A closer look at the evolution of the sectors employing third-country nationals over the last years, however, indicates that in particular the information and communication technologies sector, the professional, scientific and technical activities sector and the financial and insurance activities sector register the most significant growth rates, leading to a development that seem to indicate a ‘double immigration’ of (highly) skilled migrants on the one hand and less or low skilled migrants in the more traditional economic sectors on the other hand. In regard to the general integration approach as well as the labour market integration policy, this study shows that Luxembourg does have not have a specific policy/strategic document/model in place that only focusses on third-country nationals. All political documents (laws and strategic documents such as the PAN 2010-2014 and the new PAN integration of 2018) and public measures (Welcome and Integration Contract (CAI), linguistic leave, support measures provided by the National Employment Agency (ADEM), measures facilitating school integration, electoral registration campaigns, etc.) are aimed at all foreign nationals without distinguishing between EU nationals and third-country nationals. It is the Immigration Law that provides the legal framework regarding the various grounds of migration for economic purposes. Additionally, the legislator aims to be attractive for certain categories of migrants coming to Luxembourg for economic purposes in order to meet the needs of the country’s economic development (via legislative measures such as the European Blue Card, the ‘investor’ residence permit or the agreement between Luxembourg and Cape Verde). This being said, this study will present examples of practices that have been identified as good practices in the context of the topic of labour market integration of third-country nationals, despite the fact that they, for the most part, do not fit 100% into the pre-set structure of the study template at hand. In section 2.2, three Member State measure are presented, the first of which is the linguistic leave, a specific form of additional special leave that is accessible for salaried and independent workers of all nationalities, resident or non-resident, to learn or perfect the command of the Luxembourgish language. This legislative measure was introduced by law in 2009 with the intention to facilitate the integration of the beneficiaries into society through the labour market. The second measure is the AMIF-project ‘InSitu JOBS’ by the non-governmental organisation CLAE asbl (with co-financing from the Luxembourgish State). This project, which ended in April 2018 was targeted at third-country nationals within the scope of this study as well as at beneficiaries of international protection by providing them information and counselling in the context of access and integration into the Luxembourgish labour market. The third measure was also an AMIF-project and consists of a practical guide that was developed and drafted by IMS Luxembourg, a network of Luxembourgish companies, in order to provide information on how to hire and integrate third-country nationals. As for the private sector measures in section 2.3. of this study, research of secondary resources as well as consultations with various relevant stakeholders proved to be rather difficult in terms of finding private sector initiatives that specifically target at supporting or facilitating the labour market integration of third-country nationals within the scope of this study. Two measures were selected in this context, the first consisting of a specific recruitment method (simulation-based recruitment method) by a large international company which allows them to evaluate various different profiles of people that are not necessarily detectable through the classic CV-based recruitment methods. The second measure is a business guide developed by the American Chamber of Commerce Luxembourg and aims to promote and facilitate the establishment of new business in Luxembourg by providing information on everything that entrepreneurs and international companies need to know in this context.

Funded by Interreg, partners from Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium are designing a modular training program for people who work with refugees and migrants. The main focus of the training are: intercultural communication, assistance and support of refugees and mirgrants, and resilience. First results of the project are on hand. The trainings will start in spring 2020.

The ongoing refugee streams that derive mainly from the Middle East and North African conflict areas are a central issue to the growing socio-spatial debate about the different facets of contemporary crisis. The moving populations that cross boundaries heading to the European North, destabilize both territorial certainties and established governance politics. A noticeable body of literature is currently emerging, exploring aspects of social philanthropy, humanitarianism, NGOs’ activities and State immigration policies related to the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe. However, there is little attempt to research how the refugees themselves self-organize, and enact the production of collective housing and shared common spaces based on principles of self-organization and mutual help. The proposed project aims to fill this gap. Following the recent spatial approaches on “commons” and “enclosures” the research project intends to explore forms and modes of refugee led solidarity housing commons, and compare and contrast these with State-run refugee camps. The project focuses empirically on Turkey, Greece and Serbia and in particular, in Istanbul, Athens and Belgrade. These cities are at the epicentre of the refugee crisis. Since, March 2016, when the borders in Balkan countries were closed for all third-country migrants and the EU-Turkey deal was signed, thousands of refugees were trapped in Turkey, Greece and Serbia. It is estimated that there are more than 500 thousand refugees in Istanbul waiting to cross the borders to Europe. Athens is the main refugee transit city in Greece with almost 20 thousand refugees whilst approximately 10 thousand refugees are currently trapped in Belgrade. This project aims to examine the refugees’ right to housing as it is expressed by the Turkish, Greek and Serbian States housing policies and the way these policies relate to the solidarity housing practices in each country.

Im Jahr 2015 kamen laut Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) 890.000 Flüchtlinge nach Deutschland, im Jahr 2016 weitere 290.000. Die aktuellsten Zahlen zeigen, dass 2015 insgesamt 442.000 neue Asylanträge gestellt wurden und 2016 weitere 722.000 (BAMF, 2016a). Einen Flüchtlingszustrom dieses Ausmaßes hat es in Deutschland seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht mehr gegeben; dies gilt auch für die anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten und andere OECD-Industrieländer. In diesem Projekt werden zwei Aspekte des Flüchtlingszustroms untersucht: Zum einen werden wir analysieren, wie die Integration von Flüchtlingen verläuft - insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Erlangung von Humankapital, das spezifisch ist für das aufnehmende Land - und welche Bedeutung bei dieser Humankapitalbildung ethnische Enklaven spielen. Zum anderen untersuchen wir, wie sich der Flüchtlingszustrom auf den Arbeitsmarkt der einheimischen Bevölkerung auswirkt. Die empirischen Analysen werden hauptsächlich auf zwei Datenquellen beruhen: (i) auf der IAB-BAMF-SOEP Flüchtlingsstichprobe, die die einzige repräsentative und umfassende Informationsquelle zum aktuellen Flüchtlingszustrom nach Deutschland darstellt; (ii) auf administrativen Monatsdaten von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA), die sowohl Informationen über Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Leistungsempfang nach Nationalität erfasst, wodurch auch die Hauptherkunftsländer der Flüchtlinge abgedeckt werden. Methodisch werden wir die Verteilungsregeln des BAMF und der Bundesländer zur Identifikation nutzen.

Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Integration und sowohl physischem als auch psychischem Wohlbefinden von Migrantinnen und Migranten zu untersuchen. Besonders soll dabei die Rolle von Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen berücksichtigt werden. Dieses Projekt verbindet gesundheitspsychologische Theorie und Methoden mit soziologischer Theorie und Methoden zur Erforschung von Integration. Wohlbefinden ist ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Integration von Migrantinnen und Migranten in die aufnehmende Gesellschaft, der vermehrt Forschung anregt. Beobachtende Feldstudien und experimentelle Laborstudien haben gezeigt, dass Gesundheitsverhalten – wie körperliche Aktivität – physisches und psychisches Wohlbefinden verbessern können. In diesem Projekt untersuchen wir in wie fern, durch welche Mechanismen und unter welchen Bedingungen diese Verhaltensweisen den Stress, den Menschen die kürzlich immigriert sind erleben, abpuffern können. Darüber hinaus sind alltägliche Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen wie Essen aber auch einige Arten körperlicher Aktivität sehr soziale Verhalten. Wir sind besonders daran interessiert, wie soziale Netzwerke diese Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen beeinflussen und umgekehrt. Wir möchten untersuchen wie diese gegenseitigen Einflüsse von sozialer Integration und Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen langfristig zusammenhängen. Ein besonderer Fokus wird auf der Frage liegen, ob ethnisch homogene im Gegensatz zu gemischten Netzwerken unterschiedliche indirekte Effekte auf Wohlbefinden via Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen haben. Wir untersuchen diese Fragen sowohl mit umfragebasierten und experimentellen Methoden.

"In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich eine Vielzahl von Forschungsprojekten der Erklärung von Arbeitsmarktnachteilen von Zuwanderern und ihren Kindern gewidmet. Diese gliedern sich in zwei methodologische Forschungsansätze: Zum einen gibt es eine Reihe von Studien auf der Basis von Bevölkerungsbefragungen und Analysen von amtlichen Statistiken, die nachgewiesen haben, dass ein Teil der Arbeitsmarktnachteile von Migranten, unter anderem, auf Bildungsdefizite zurückzuführen sind. Allerdings bleiben, auch wenn man Bildung berücksichtigt, noch erhebliche Nachteile für Personen mit Migrationshintergrund bestehen. Zum anderen gibt es eine Reihe von experimentellen Studien, die untersuchen, inwieweit diese Nachteile durch Diskriminierung seitens Arbeitgeber erklärt werden können. Hierfür werden fiktive Bewerbungen an Arbeitgeber verschickt, wobei die ethnische Gruppenzugehörigkeit des Bewerbers variiert wird, andere Merkmale wie Bildungsstand und Berufserfahrung aber konstant gehalten werden. Studien dieser Art zeigen fast ausnahmslos, dass Diskriminierung stattfindet. Ein zentraler Nachteil dieser Studien ist jedoch, dass sie nur begrenzt generalisierbar sind und nicht ohne weiteres Rückschlüsse darüber erlauben, wie groß, im Vergleich zu anderen Wirkungsfaktoren, der Anteil von Diskriminierung für die Erklärung von Arbeitsmarktunterschieden ist. Auch wenn es zu beiden Forschungsansätzen mittlerweile bereits reichhaltige Forschungsbefunde gibt, fehlt nach wie vor eine gemeinsame, synthetisierende Analyse. Ziel des Teilprojekts ARBEIT ist es daher, die Ursachen von Arbeitsmarktnachteilen von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund und den relativen Einfluss von Diskriminierung und anderen Wirkungsfaktoren (z.B. Bildungsunterschiede, Sprachkenntnisse, Sozialkapital) zu erforschen. Hierfür soll in einem ersten Schritt der aktuelle Forschungsstand aufbereitet werden, für den sowohl Ergebnisse aus Bevölkerungsbefragungen und Analysen von amtlichen Statistiken, als auch experimentelle Studien berücksichtigt werden. Diese Befunde werden zusammengetragen und systematisch aufeinander bezogen um vorhandene Forschungslücken zu identifizieren. Insofern solche Lücken mit weiterführenden Analysen bereits existierender Datensätzen geschlossen werden können, sollen diese in einem zweiten Schritt durchgeführt und Desiderata für anschließende Forschung formuliert werden. Das Projekt ARBEIT ist ein Kooperationsprojekt der DeZIM-Gemeinschaft."

DIALLS is a three year project with three objectives. First, it will develop an understanding of young people’s cultural literacy in formal education through the teaching of dialogue and argumentation as a means to understand European identities and cultures. This will be achieved by the creation and implementation of a cultural literacy learning programme where students respond to and produce multimodal texts reflecting European heritages with the promotion of tolerance, inclusion and empathy as core cultural literacy dispositions. Second, the project will provide comprehensive guidance for the development of cultural literacy in schools through the creation and evaluation of a scale of progression for cultural literacy learning as manifested in students’ interactions and produced artefacts. Finally, DIALLS will promote the emergence of young people’s cultural identities in a student-authored manifesto for cultural literacy and a virtual gallery of their cultural artefacts. We will conduct analyses of students’ class-based and online interactions, mapping the development of dialogue and argumentation skills to create an open access multilingual data corpus. Cross-comparative analyses of classrooms in seven countries will include analysis of gender, age, ethnicity and socio-economic factors. DIALLS is directly relevant to the call’s work programme as it addresses the role of formal education in supporting the acquisition of the knowledge, skills and competences needed for effective intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding. The novelty of our proposal lies in the intersection of cultural literacy, multimodality, dialogue and argumentation, and through the use of face-to-face and online learning environments where students can share their perspectives as they make sense of Europe and its different cultures. Our innovative teaching and assessment tools will guide teachers in their development of a dialogic pedagogy for cultural literacy in tomorrow’s Europe.

The NEW_WAY project will look at trajectories across the lifespan among Russian-speaking linguistic actors, and on the role of speaking/writing Russian in the political economy of Northern Norway around the Russian-Norwegian border. With the end of Cold War and implementation of more flexible border policies, Northern Norway, as other regions neighbouring with ex-USSR, got placed into the heart of geopolitics, global migration and sea trade, security and environmental crises. In the two decades after the Warsaw Pact dissolution, use and acquisition of Russian by different social actors, including speakers of other languages, has renewed its significance in the multilingual economy of the region. With this MSCA action, I would bring my competence on biographical research, knowledge of Russian and expertise on Russian-speaking migrant communities to complement the Norwegian research team. I wish to expand the biographical workshops methods with nexus analysis supervised by the world-renowned expert in nexus analysis. I will gain understanding of Northern borderland multilingual policies and practices in order to reveal deep-running social processes present and past (e.g. legal recognition, language investment and commodification, identity and community building etc.) with implications for social cohesion and peaceful neighbouring policy across other borderlands in Europe, as well as with potential for theory building and terminology creation. The project is expected to open ways to understanding the dynamics of decision-making that multilingual speakers undertake in investing into and building their individual language repertoires. Building from multi-sited ethnographic and biographical accounts, the project has a potential to construct a holistic perspective on multilingual practices and decision-making. The resulting picture goes beyond the sum of its elements and will inform critical rethinking of the concepts of community, diaspora, minority,majority and language.

"(1) Aspirations: In the absence of reliable, internationally available migration flow data necessary for statistical forecasting, policymakers increasingly turn to survey data on emigration intentions to evaluate future migration trends. The important assumption – i.e. that there is a measurable and systematic relationship between the intention to migrate and actual migration – has not been firmly established at the international level. In a first step, we examine the association between estimated population averages of emigration intentions and official migration flow data based on data for more than 160 countries. First results show a strong association between emigration intentions and recorded bilateral flows to industrialized countries, as well as between intentions and aggregated out-migration. The results provide policymakers with a reliability assessment of survey data on emigration intentions and encourage future attempts to incorporate survey data in formal statistical migration forecasting models. (2) Policies: Furthermore, we want to explore to what extent migrants consciously decide to migrate to countries that allow them to improve their economic situation taking into account the difficulties to migrate to this country. In particular, we would like to know how the difficulty to immigrate into a country prevents potential migrants from moving to this country. Might it be that migrants decide to move to more liberal countries to increase the chances to be accepted? We already know that migration flows increase when the destination country is economically more attractive (Borjas 1989; Hatton and Williamson 2003) and decrease when immigration policies are more restrictive (Helbling and Leblang 2018). These effects are to some extent due to rejections during the migration processes when for example visa applications are declined or people are not allowed to enter a country when they arrive at the border. (3) Corruption: Eventually, besides immigration policies in potential destination countries, the formation and subsequent materialization of migration aspirations is determined by various factors in the country of residence. However, there is surprisingly little empirical evidence on factors outside the pure economic sphere. For instance, the link between corruption and emigration has received growing attention. Until now, the evidence claiming a strong relationship relies on individual case studies and correlational analysis which severely limits generalizability. In our study, we apply quasi-experimental methods including instrumental variables and propensity score matching to global survey data on 130 countries over 6 years, covering almost 600’000 individual respondents. We find support for the notion that corruption – systematically and strongly - induces emigration plans across countries, across various model specifications and estimation methods. Strengthening causal claims about the link between corruption and emigration is important for further research in this field. Results are also relevant for policy-makers exploring options to address irregular migration in the context of development and trade agreements. "

"The project centers on the portrayals of Europe in literature, art and political writings by Jewish emigrants since the 1930s and until the present day. It holds that Jewish thinkers reconceptualized the continent in alliance with Jewish liturgical vocabulary. Europe emerged as a lost homeland for Jews, a terrain from which one is expelled. Feelings of guilt, social isolation, and historical injustice – which have shaped Jewish individuals’ affinity to the continent since the 1930s – enforced this impression. Alongside the establishment of Israel and development of Jewish communities in America, Jews thus began to imagine a relationship to Europe that mirrors the attitude they once possessed toward the mythical Zion before the birth of political Zionism. Following the oscillation between “diaspora” and “homeland” in Jewish historical imagination, the project scrutinizes Jews’ volatile and interdependent relationship to Europe, Israel, and North America. Works by German-Jewish emigrants and by Jewish migrants to Germany stress the competing roles that the image of Europe as a lethal place for Jews has played in global politics. “Fictions of return” to the continent have thus posed a continual challenge to political theories that describe the mass exile from Europe as constitutive of postwar reality due to its irreversibility, such as Hannah Arendt’s account of totalitarianism."

Además del tradicional análisis del estado y la evolución de la inmigración en España, la edición de 2018 de Anuario CIDOB de la Inmigración quiere destacar la instalación de la inmigración y el asilo en el centro de la arena política y social en Europa y en Estados Unidos. Ello ha llevado, entre otras cuestiones, a una hiperpolitización negativa del fenómeno en ambas regiones, precisamente dos de los mayores receptores de inmigración en el mundo, y donde las fuerzas de extrema derecha y populistas –que hacen del rechazo a la inmigración su principal bandera– siguen ampliando sus apoyos. En la edición de este año, el Anuario también reflexiona sobre temas tan relevantes como la situación de los jóvenes de origen extranjero (segundas generaciones) o el efecto de la crisis económica sobre la integración de los inmigrantes en España.

The linguistic and cultural diversity of Europe is crucial to the capacity for problem solving and creative thinking upon which our general wellbeing and economic prosperity depend in an increasingly global and technological society. However, language diversity and immigration are often seen as threats and are challenged by discriminatory attitudes and state policies. COLING will provide justification for the strengthening and revitalization of minority languages, as well as guidelines to implement concrete programs for this purpose. The project’s objectives focus on developing and sharing expert knowledge on language revitalization programs that combine community-driven and top-down approaches; promoting engaged collaboration among academic, nonprofit and community-based institutions; developing efficient teaching methodologies, teacher training, and curricula for minority languages; establishing a new international academic program in minority studies at the partner institutions, in which the new methodologies and curricula will be employed. To this end, COLING affiliated researchers will work together to a) document and archive linguistic-cultural diversity and language practices of indigenous communities and migrants; b) explore the Trans-Atlantic perspectives and historical ties between the Americas and Europe that demonstrate the cultural resilience of indigenous peoples and the evolution of heritage cultures in mixed societies; c) develop innovative teaching methodologies through content modules in textual and digital formats and d) investigate the causative and correlative relationships between language identities, linguistic and cultural discrimination, self-confidence, trauma and well-being, and social cohesion in multilingual and multicultural contexts. COLING will organize summer schools, workshops, trainings to bring together researchers, practitioners and community members, permitting the exchange of skills, best practices and research results.

Arslan’s project proposes a new paradigm for studying late Ottoman literatures that were written in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and in different languages such as Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, and French by situating these literatures in a multilingual and multicultural Mediterranean framework instead of their respective national communities. His project will build upon three dimensions that constitute the objectives of his study. (i) The history dimension will map out literary and cultural exchanges within the nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Mediterranean through archival research and digital humanities techniques. (ii) The criticism dimension will demonstrate that thematic preoccupations of Mediterranean literatures—including but not limited to diaspora, travel, imperialism, cultural hybridity, and fluidity of borders and identities—were also defining characteristics of late Ottoman literatures via a close reading of canonical late Ottoman works. (iii) The theory dimension will draw upon the latest debates in postcolonial studies, migration and diaspora studies, and world literature to examine how the Mediterranean can be used as a category of analysis in cultural and literary studies. Building upon these three objectives, Arslan’s project will put two fields—Mediterranean studies and Ottoman studies—in dialogue with each other to generate a disciplinary transformation of both, while undermining the ways in which late Ottoman literatures have been categorised and studied. Having just finished his Ph.D., Arslan hopes to have an advantageous start at his career by the end of this fellowship through completing a substantial portion of a sole-authored monograph, publishing peer-reviewed articles and policy briefs, organising conference panels and communication activities, and joining networks of scholars in North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East who work on Mediterranean and Ottoman studies.

Die Lebenswelt in Deutschland verändert sich durch die Zuwanderung von Flüchtlingen. Darunter befindet sich ein hoher Anteil von Personen aus Syrien. Zur lebensweltlichen Orientierung vernetzen sie sich kommunikativ, schließen sich bestehenden Gemeinschaften an und gründen Gemeinschaften über nationale Grenzen hinweg zur Verfolgung ihrer Interessen. Dort finden sie Informationen zur Bewältigung ihrer alltäglichen Probleme und zur Erfüllung ihrer Lebensvorstellungen. Die gängigen Migrationstheorien und Konzepte sind nur bedingt geeignet, die Dynamik der neuen Organisationen von Flucht-Migranten zu erklären, die im Weiteren als „Con-Communities“ bezeichnet werden. Heuristisch gesprochen ist Con-Communities als ein theoretisches Konzept zu sehen, das auf empirischer Basis eine Theoriebildung ermöglicht („Grounded Theory“). Mit der „Arbeit am Begriff“ können Dimensionen und Phänomene einbezogen werden, die mit bisherigen Ansätzen nicht erfasst werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund lautet die Fragestellung des beabsichtigten Projektes: Wie entstehen und wirken Con-Communities von syrischen Flucht-Migranten mit geteiltem impliziten Wissen und mit gleichgerichteten Interessen in Deutschland? Der geographisch-ethnographische Zugriff auf Con-Communities soll einerseits über syrische Flucht-Migranten und andererseits über Cultural Brokers (Vermittler, Organisatoren, Anführer) erfolgen. Als Erhebungseinheiten sind Syrer, Syrerinnen und deren Kommunikationspartner sowie Vertreter bestehender Kollektive (Cultural Brokers, Singles, Paare, Familien, Clans, Ethnien, Vereine, Flüchtlingsorganisationen u.a.) zu betrachten. Die Gesprächspartner werden mit unterschiedlicher Herkunft und Zugehörigkeit sowie unabhängig vom Asylstatus in ländlichen und urbanen Räumen aufgesucht. Die empirische Arbeit endet, sobald keine neuen Typen von Con-Communities mehr isoliert werden können und eine Sättigung bei der Erkenntnis über das Entstehen und Wirken unterschiedlichster Typen eintritt. Der theoretisch-empirische Zugang wird Praktik- und digital-orientiert gestaltet. Die gewählten Erhebungstechniken sind ero-epische Gespräche, narrative Interviews, teilnehmende Beobachtung und die Analyse gemeinschaftsbildender Aktivitäten im Internet. Interessen, Wissen, Kompetenzen und Strategien in den unterschiedlichen Con-Communities werden über Praktiken, Routinen, Kommunikation und Erzählungen der Untersuchungseinheiten erhoben. Weitere Informationen zum Wirken von Con-Communities liefern die von den Mitgliedern und Helfern sowie Institutionen ins Leben gerufenen Projekte für Flüchtlinge. Das Ziel der Studie ist, auf der Basis einer empirischen Analyse der Lebenswelt syrischer Flucht-Migranten in Deutschland unter heuristischem Bezug auf die Konzepte „Gemeinschaft“, „Ethnie“, „Nation“, „Imagined Community“, „Weak Ties“, „Neo-Tribes“ und „Communities of Practice“ eine „Theorie der Con-Communities von Flucht-Migranten“ im digitalen Zeitalter zu formulieren.

Dieses Forschungsprojekt widmet sich den emergenten Routen afrikanischer MigrantInnen, die bei dem Versuch, Nordamerika zu erreichen, mehrere zentralamerikanische Länder durchqueren. Auf empirischer Ebene reagiert das Projekt damit auf die wachsende Anzahl afrikanischer MigrantInnen und Geflüchteter in Zentralamerika und ordnet deren Erfahrungen in den Kontext weltumspannender und ungleicher Migrationsrouten, -krisen und -industrien ein. Auf theoretischer Ebene trägt das Projekt zu einem kritischen Verstehen der Dynamiken zwischen Migration, Ent- und Neuverortung und (Im)mobilitäten bei. Das Projekt untersucht, inwieweit die Dialektik zwischen Entortung (displacement) und (Neu-)Verortung (emplacement) auf die verlängerten und in hohem Maße unberechenbaren Migrationsrouten im Globalen Süden angewandt werden kann. Ethnographisch erfasst werden insbesondere die migrantischen Routen und das, was wir ‚Migrationsknotenpunkte’ des Schmuggelns, der Überwachung und der Solidarität nennen. Indem sich das ethnographische Verstehen migrantischer Trajekte an Reiseverläufen und Knotenpunkten orientiert, trägt das Projekt zu einer Theoretisierung ambivalenter, verflochtener und re-lokalisierter Verläufe der (Im-)mobilisierung bei. Durch seine Konzentration auf Ereignisse und Erfahrungen vor dem Erreichen des Globalen Nordens widerspricht das Projekt vereinfachenden, policy-orientierten Interpretationen und Repräsentationen von MigrantInnen und Geflüchteten auf dem Weg durch Länder des Globalen Südens, deren Erfahrungen aus ihrem Verlauf heraus erforscht werden müssen.

This project proposal aims to take research on diversity management and integration further by focusing on how ethnic diversity is represented in three central Catalan institutions: the public school system, the Catalan police force and the City council of Barcelona. The case of Catalonia appears particularly relevant for an empirical study on the actual representation of diversity given its pronounced intercultural policy focus, while socio-economic inequality between natives and immigrants is vast, and many immigrants live in situations of precariousness and marginalization. The proposal addresses key priorities set by the H2020/Europe in a changing world-Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies program, and contributes to European excellence in the social sciences by proposing a research program designed to i) increase knowledge on diversity management and obstacles for the participation/representation of immigrants in societal institutions, and ii) develop an action strategy to address shortcomings in this area, based on the view that research on social challenges as inequality and discrimination to a greater extent should contribute to combat these problems through practical implementation. The proposal is based upon the assumption that there is broad awareness of the problems with misrepresentation and discrimination of immigrants within Catalan institutions, but that these problems are merely addressed at the discursive level; what is lacking are measures to accomplish better practices. At the theoretical level, the concept of interculturalism will be critically examined and de facto representation will be introduced as a central, complementary concept. The knowledge and action strategies generated through this project will be transferrable and useful in other contexts, also at the European level.

Kurdish women have been involved in film production, radio broadcasts and exhibitions, as well as in the production of a substantial number of books, journals and other publications in both Kurdish and national languages of the European states. However, the aesthetic and intellectual production of Kurdish women, which leads to the empowerment of women and advancement of gender equality in the Kurdish diaspora, has not been the subject of any notable research yet. By going beyond stereotypical portrayals of Kurdish women, presented as either victim of honour-based violence or someone who suffers violent conflict, this research will deal with the gendered experiences of Kurdish diaspora from the four regions of Kurdistan (Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey) in terms of the growth of aesthetic, literary and cultural practices by migrant Kurdish women in five nation-states (Belgium, France, Sweden, Germany, UK) along with their impacts on larger societal debates within a comparative approach. It will also investigate the varying migrant incorporation regimes of selected European countries, including the impacts of the recent influx of Syrian Kurdish refugees. It includes ethnographic fieldwork, along with multi-sited research techniques carried out in the capitals of selected European states, data collection of both primary sources (creative, literary and cultural productions) and secondary sources (EU documents, annual progress reports, press releases). This study has a potential to encourage the maximization of networks of educational and intellectual revitalization in European states. It will also encourage other Kurdish migrant women to become factors of change and reach others. This is an interdisciplinary project aiming to fill in a significant gap in the relevant socio-political, gender, migration and cultural academic studies and policy debates within the European Research Area. It is in line with the EC’s strategy for gender equality provision.

Auf Basis architektur- und sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden untersucht das Forschungsprojekt die physisch-materiellen und symbolischen Aneignungsprozesse von geflüchteten Menschen an unterschiedlichen Asylorten. Damit rückt es das handlungsrelevante Raumwissen in einer hochmobilen Ausnahmesituation (Flucht) in den Mittelpunkt. Empirisch ist die Studie so angelegt, dass syrische Geflüchtete vergleichend in Deutschland (Berlin) und Jordanien (Zataari) untersucht werden.