Research
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This constantly growing database accumulates and structures
relevant knowledge in the field of migration.

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FIDUCIA

Description
"The FIDUCIA project will shed light on a number of distinctively ""new European” criminal acts that have emerged in the last decade as a consequence of technological developments and the increased mobility of populations across Europe. The objective of the project is to develop policy responses to “new” forms of deviant behaviours that are also highly relevant to responding to “conventional” forms of criminality. The FIDUCIA concept stems from the idea that public trust (in latin, ""fiducia"") in justice is critically important for social regulation, in that it leads to public acceptance of the legitimacy of institutions of justice and thus compliance with the law. The project will investigate whether a change of direction in criminal policy – from deterrence strategies and penal populism to procedural justice and trust-based policy – is desirable, and in what terms. While traditional research is primarily concerned on “why people break the law”, the focus in FIDUCIA is on “why people obey to the law”. The FIDUCIA consortium will conduct four case studies of new forms of criminality that reflect – in various ways – the development of supra-national structures and processes across Europe. The four crime categories are: a) trafficking of human beings; b) trafficking of goods; c) the criminalisation of migration and ethnic minorities; and d) cyber-crimes. In addition, FIDUCIA will examine questions of criminalisation; assess the importance of public trust in justice and beliefs about the legitimacy of their own criminal justice system; and explore whether trust-based regulation makes sense at a supra-national level. The findings will inform an innovative model of “trust-based” policy with a raft of far-reaching recommendations for politicians and law-makers in Member States and the institutions of the European Union."
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44001 Project

Equal opportunities for migrant youth in educational systems with high levels of social and ethnic segregation: assessing the impact of school team resources

Description
Although a gap in educational performance of migrant children compared to children without a migration background is to be observed in most industrialized countries, it is particularly big in countries as Belgium, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands, as has been attested by the PISA-data. Social and ethnic segregation, which is particularly high in these educational systems, seems to be one of the important explanatory factors. This project wants to disentangle what are the crucial factors by which this high level of segregation impacts on unequal opportunities for immigrant children. Going beyond the classic composition effect model (looking at peer group effects, i.e. positive or negative influences of pupils on each other), this project wants to also examine the potential impact of differentiated teacher profiles on group performance. The project wishes to test the hypothesis that the link between school composition and educational performance is a (partly) spurious effect, caused by mediating effect of teacher characteristics. We hypothesize that better skilled and more positively oriented teachers are overrepresented in schools with an 'easier' school population, while so-called 'difficult' schools (populated by working-class immigrant children) have difficulty in attracting and - especially - keeping competent and motivated staff. In order to examine this hypothesis a mixed methods approach will be used, combining quantitative statistical analysis (on new and existing data, for instance multi-level analysis of the PISA-data set and other eligible datasets), qualitative case studies and focus groups. Secondary analysis of existing data-sets (PISA, TIMMS, PIRLS) will be undertaken and new data will be collected (taking the Flemish and Francophone educational systems in Belgium as case-studies).
Year 2012
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44002 Project

Queer-Arab-French: Sexuality, Islam and Citizenship in France

Description
How do North African (Maghrebi) men and Maghrebi-French men negotiate and understand same-sex desire when living in a French urban context? Does the ethnic North African, who pursues erotic same-sex relationships in France, identify himself as ‘gay’ or ‘homosexual’? During the Fellowship, my broad goal is to address these questions through the completion of a monograph, titled Queer-Arab-French: Sexuality, Islam, and Citizenship in France. It consists of an ethnographic study of same-sex sexualities, which is based on interviews with Maghrebi and Maghrebi-French homosexual males in major urban centres in France. I will work with specialists in French studies, linguistics and Communication Studies at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) to analyze how every-day speech and urban space influence Maghrebi-French understandings of sexuality and citizenship. My project will demonstrate how Maghrebi and Maghrebi-French men may explain their sexuality in terms of a modern ‘coming out’ narrative, documented in the recent scholarship on French homosexuality. Nevertheless, North African sexual minorities are able to negotiate cultural hybridity, interculturality, and ‘belonging’ in a ‘third space’ that combines elements from traditional and modern discourses such as family, honour, face-saving, the symbolic order of gender differences, as well as the western constructs of individualism and sexual autonomy. These men also address broader public policy debates on Islam, Islamaphobia, and homophobia. My project aims to create a new critical framework for examining Muslim sexual minorities and to inform the work of academics in a variety of disciplines, as well as that of activists, politicians and healthcare workers. Since the staff and students I would work with at NTU investigate related research questions, the potential exists to expand these findings and bring new knowledge about immigration, citizenship, sexual health, and human rights discourses to the UK and the EU.
Year 2012
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44003 Project

African Migrant Women

Description
On the margins of the EU, African women migrants can be important transmitters of social cultural practices. But in certain societies of immigration (France, Spain) these women, because of the ageing factor can be victims of some kind of discrimination. Often their husbands can replace them for new co-spouses. This situation creates tensions and that is, for the women, all the more constraining and painful when the women carry on a productive and reproductive activity. this proposal, through a specific anthropological demography methodology, wants to bring into question meaningful motions of ethnicity, transnationalisation, gender and the changing context in relation to aesthetic and body concepts of African women in the settlement countries mainly in Spain and France (Europe) and in Senegal and Gambia (Africa).
Year 2012
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44004 Project

Reception and Integration of Muslims in France, Quebec and English Canada

Description
This project compares the experiences of Muslim minorities in three contexts: France, Quebec, and English Canada. The objective is to assess the extent of integration of Muslim minorities in each setting, to identify key similarities and differences, to find the most important reasons for any differences, and to relate findings to previous research and public discourse in each setting. The three-way comparison helps illuminate a number of issues of significance to current debates on immigration and multiculturalism, including the role of public attitudes, national integration ‘models’ and advantages of traditional ‘nations of immigration’ over recent European experience, and language and culture. The theoretical framework takes account of four sets of factors: minority characteristics, mainstream attitudes and debates, institutional structures, and public policies, and draws upon inter-disciplinary perspectives. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used. On the quantitative side, for France the new government-mandated “Trajectories and Origins” (TeO) survey conducted in 2009 (over 21000 interviews) overcomes many limitations in existing statistics for identification of ethnic minorities. The comparable Canadian source is the monumental “Ethnic Diversity Survey” conducted in 2002 by Statistics Canada (over 42000 interviews). Excellent collaboration is available in use of the French data; I have already published a major book on the Canadian data. The project also will conduct a series of specially designed focus-group sessions involving structured encounters between Muslims and non-Muslims conducted in Paris, Montreal and Toronto. The project will be facilitated by CADIS in Paris where I build on a strong institutional foundation. It will produce a major book to be submitted to the MacMillan Palgrave series on migration, and papers for international conferences. A conference and workshop also will be held.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44005 Project

Recent Trends in International Migration in Poland

Year 2012
Journal Name Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44006 Journal Article

FIDUCIA: New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy

Description
"The FIDUCIA project will shed light on a number of distinctively ""new European” criminal acts that have emerged in the last decade as a consequence of technological developments and the increased mobility of populations across Europe. The objective of the project is to develop policy responses to “new” forms of deviant behaviours that are also highly relevant to responding to “conventional” forms of criminality. The FIDUCIA concept stems from the idea that public trust (in latin, ""fiducia"") in justice is critically important for social regulation, in that it leads to public acceptance of the legitimacy of institutions of justice and thus compliance with the law. The project will investigate whether a change of direction in criminal policy – from deterrence strategies and penal populism to procedural justice and trust-based policy – is desirable, and in what terms. While traditional research is primarily concerned on “why people break the law”, the focus in FIDUCIA is on “why people obey to the law”. The FIDUCIA consortium will conduct four case studies of new forms of criminality that reflect – in various ways – the development of supra-national structures and processes across Europe. The four crime categories are: a) trafficking of human beings; b) trafficking of goods; c) the criminalisation of migration and ethnic minorities; and d) cyber-crimes. In addition, FIDUCIA will examine questions of criminalisation; assess the importance of public trust in justice and beliefs about the legitimacy of their own criminal justice system; and explore whether trust-based regulation makes sense at a supra-national level. The findings will inform an innovative model of “trust-based” policy with a raft of far-reaching recommendations for politicians and law-makers in Member States and the institutions of the European Union."
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44007 Project

Writing in Translationese: Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day and the Uncanny Dialect of the Diasporic Writer

Authors Linda Belau, Ed Cameron
Year 2012
Journal Name Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44008 Journal Article

Gendering activism in populist radical right parties. A comparative study of women’s and men’s participation in the Northern League (Italy) and the National Front (France)

Description
Building on two pilot studies conducted in 2010, the proposed research will explore the gender dimensions of anti-immigration social movements in contemporary Europe. This will be done through a comparative analysis of activism in two populist radical right parties: an ethnographic and documentary study of activism in the social and cultural associations linked to the Northern League party (NL) in Italy and to the National Front party (NF) in France. During the applicant’s earlier research on the NL, it became clear that the themes of women’s rights and gender equality are increasingly mobilised in instrumental ways by this party, seeking to attract women’s votes. This corresponds to a recent radicalisation of the NL’s discourse, which in the past decade has increasingly targeted migrants coming from Muslim countries: in this discourse, immigration is associated with sexual violence and gender conservatism. The research will mobilise these earlier studies while expanding their focus through a comparative perspective. In examining current developments in the ideology and politics of the NL and the NF, and their attempt to modernise their public image, the proposed comparative research will contribute to ongoing theoretical debates about the articulation of racism and gender as well as about the role played by gender in collective action. The proposed research is ground-breaking in two ways. First, only a minority of ethnographic studies exist which focus on activism in radical right organisations, as sociologists have tended to focus on left-wing social movements. More specifically, very few studies have investigated the role played by women in radical right social movements. Second, the few existing qualitative studies of women’s activism in these organisations fail to compare systematically the practices women and men. As opposed to these existing studies, the proposed research will examine both women’s and men’s involvement in these organisations.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44009 Project

Migration and the crisis in Greek society: the parameters of a coordinated departure

Authors Thanos Maroukis
Description
Research Fellow of ELIAMEP, Dr. Thanos Maroukis discusses immigration and the crisis in the Greek society. Greek migration policy over the last 20 years, on the one hand, puts obstacles to the legal flow of third country nationals (TCNs), and on the other, it occasionally regularises their existence and work in Greek society. In recent years certain important steps have been taken by Greek governments (albeit with a delay) towards consolidating the residence status of many foreigners and supporting their socio-political integration process.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44010 Report

Female migrants from developed countries in Southern Europe: A study of integration

Description
'Women-migrants in Europe often face the ‘double disadvantage’ [as women and as foreigners] in the two main, mutually reinforcing aspects of their migration careers [the socio-political disadvantage and the labour market disadvantage] (Boswell et a. 2004; Boyd & Grieco 2003; CEDAW 2010; Rubin et al. 2008). Their social exclusion is illuminated by their intersecting encounters with racism and xenophobia, sexism, political inactivity and impeded access to welfare services and benefits. In the labour market they face the following forms of disadvantage: (1) unemployment; (2) under-employment (or over-qualification); (3) temporary and short-term contracts, and (4) discriminated payment in comparison with both the native-born- and the male migrant populations. This is particularly the case for (highly) skilled female migrants in SE. Detailed knowledge about their integration experiences and strategies is a tool toward the utilization of their skills in destination countries. However, there is insufficient and disintegrated information about this (ibid). The FEMIDE project will explore, from the multi-disciplinary perspective, integration among US and UK women living in the SE countries of Italy and Greece. It will focus on women who have settled in these countries having received university degrees in their countries of origin, and who could therefore contribute to so-called ‘skilled’ workforce. The project will use multiple methods such as narrative biographic interview, e-forum, e-survey, focus group, critical discourse analysis and social network analysis in order to understand to what extent these women have been integrated and to what extent their skills have been utilized within the transitional migration regime context and within the global context of high skill shortages. The concepts of ‘gender’, ‘skilled migration’ and ‘labour market segmentation’ will theoretically inform my inquiry into how such female migrants understand their own integration or exclusion.'
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44011 Project

Ethnische Netzwerke und der Bildungserwerb von Migranten im Lebenslauf

Principal investigator Frank Kalter (Principal Investigator)
Description
"Das Projekt untersuchte die Bedeutung ethnischer Netzwerke für die Integration von Migranten und ihren Kindern in Deutschland. Dazu wurden Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) für mehrere Startkohorten unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Netzwerkmaße ausgewertet. Eine methodischen Studie zu Messinvarianz ging der Frage nach, ob die in Startkohorte 6 verwendeten Befragungsinstrumente zu Sozialkapital für Einheimische und Migranten dasselbe Konzept auf dieselbe Weise messen. Nach Tests auf konfigurale Invarianz, metrische Invarianz und skalare Invarianz kommen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass weder sprachliche noch kulturelle Unterschiede die Vergleichbarkeit der Sozialkapitalmessungen über die Gruppen hinweg gefährden. Unter Verwendung von Startkohorte 4 (15jährige Jugendliche) wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen einheimischen Freunden und der Identifikation mit dem Aufnahmeland untersucht. Während die Identifikation von Spätaussiedlern und Jugendlichen aus ehemals jugoslawischen Ländern oder Südeuropa stark mit dem Anteil einheimischer Freunde zusammenhängt, konnten wir dafür keinen Beleg bei türkisch- oder polnischstämmigen Jugendlichen finden. In einer Folgestudie über Jugendliche türkischer Herkunft untersuchten wir, ob das Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zum Herkunftsland, also der Türkei, mit der Identifikation mit dem Aufnahmeland, also Deutschland, zusammenhängt. Wir konnten zeigen, dass ein solcher Zusammenhang nur besteht, wenn die Jugendlichen in Nachbarschaften mit einem hohen Anteil von Bewohnern türkischer Herkunft leben. In dieser Situation verringert das Gefühl der Zugehörigkeit zum Herkunftsland die Identifikation mit dem Aufnahmeland. In einer der ersten Studien, die zwischen religiösen und ethnischen Netzwerken unterscheidet, untersuchten wir Daten aus Startkohorte 3 (jüngere Schüler) und Startkohorte 4. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Engagement in religiösen Gemeinschaften mit einem besseren Abschneiden in mathematischen Leistungstests einhergeht, ein zunehmender Anteil an Nachbarn derselben Herkunft diesen Vorteil aber untergräbt. Dieser antagonistische Effekt stellt die Annahme in Frage, dass ethnische oder religiöse Gemeinden grundsätzlich förderlich oder schädlich sind. Anhand Daten der Startkohorte 6 und direkter Messungen sozialer Ressourcen sowie der sozioökonomischen Zusammensetzung von Netzwerken, konnten wir weiterhin zeigen, dass ethnisch geprägte Netzwerke die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt erschweren, da sie geringeres aufnahmelandspezifisches Sozialkapital bieten. Im Gegensatz dazu finden wir weder Hinweise auf positive Auswirkungen von Peer Groups noch einen eigenständigen Effekt von ethnisch geprägtem Sozialkapital auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration."
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44012 Project

Statistical data collection on migration in the Republic of Belarus

Authors Anastacia BOBROVA, Liudmila SHAKHOTSKA
Description
Information on migration in Belarus is mainly gathered via 2 kinds of official sources, namely those produced by the National Statistical Institute (section 1) and those produced by the Ministry of Interior (section 2). Both apply to emigration and immigration.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44013 Report

Acquisition of Cross-Ethnic Friends by Recent Immigrants in Canada: A Longitudinal Approach

Authors Borja Martinovic, Frank van Tubergen, Ineke Maas
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 19
44014 Journal Article

Human Smuggling in Austria: A Comparative Analysis of Data on Smuggled Migrants from Former Yugoslavia and the Russian Federation

Authors Daniela Peterka-Benton
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 2
44015 Journal Article

What Explains the Increasing Trend in African Emigration to the U.S.?

Authors Kevin J. A. Thomas
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 21
44016 Journal Article

Labor Shortages and U.S. Immigration Reform: Promises and Perils of an Independent Commission

Authors Philip Martin, Martin Ruhs
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 13
44017 Journal Article

A New Era in Australian Multiculturalism? From Working-Class “Ethnics” to a “Multicultural Middle- Class”

Authors Val Colic-Peisker
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 21
44018 Journal Article

Age-at-Arrival's Effects on Asian Immigrants’ Socioeconomic Outcomes in Canada and the U.S.

Authors Sharon M. Lee, Barry Edmonston
Year 2011
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 17
44019 Journal Article

Absence of a 'community' and spatial invisibility : migrants from Albania in Greece and the case of Thessaloniki

Authors Ifigeneia KOKKALI
Year 2011
Book Title Frank ECKARDT and John EADE (eds), Ethnically diverse city, Berlin : Berliner-Wissenschaafts-Verlag, 2011, Future urban research in Europe ; 4, pp. 85-114
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44020 Book Chapter

Fin de régime et migrations en Libye : les enseignements juridiques d’un pays en feu

Authors Delphine PERRIN
Year 2011
Journal Name [Migration Policy Centre]
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44021 Journal Article

Afro-Diasporic Seasonings

Authors Lidia Marte
Year 2011
Journal Name Food, Culture & Society
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44044 Journal Article

Dreams of Pakistani Grill and Vada Pao in Manhattan

Authors Krishnendu Ray
Year 2011
Journal Name Food, Culture & Society
44045 Journal Article

Do Foreigners Replace Native Immigrants? Evidence from a panel cointegration analysis

Authors Herbert BRÜCKER, Stefano FACCHIN, Alessandra VENTURINI
Year 2011
Journal Name Economic Modelling, 2011, 28, 3, 1078–1089
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44048 Journal Article

La question migratoire au Maroc : Données récentes

Authors Mohamed KHACHANI
Description
Le Maroc constitue un bassin migratoire important. Si le territoire a constitué, au cours de toute cette première moitié du XXème siècle, un pays d'immigration accueillant des flux migratoires relativement importants en provenance d’un certain nombre de pays européens, il est également et progressivement devenu depuis un pays d'émigration à destination des pays de l'Union européenne dans sa grande majorité. L'émigration marocaine vers cet espace est en effet devenue, depuis les années 1960, un phénomène sociétal majeur. Reste, toutefois, que le Maroc ne constitue pas seulement un foyer d’émigration dans la double mesure essentielle où il est aussi devenu un espace de transit pour de nombreux jeunes migrants originaires principalement de l’Afrique subsaharienne, et s’inscrit dans une tendance croissante à devenir un pays de résidence pour ces derniers. Morocco has always been an important migration hub. While it was an immigration country during the first half of the twentieth century, receiving relatively important migratory flows from a range of European countries, it has also become, in recent times, an emigration country, mainly towards European Union countries. Moroccan emigration towards the EU has become a major social issue. However, Morocco is not only defined as an emigration hub. It has also become a space for transit for young migrants from Sub-Saharan African countries, and it has become a country of residence for many of them.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44049 Report

Guerre en Libye : la situation des migrants et des réfugiés en Tunisie

Authors Souhayma BEN ACHOUR, Monia BEN JEMIA
Description
Le 17 février 2011 le peuple libyen se révolte contre une dictature de 40 ans. Les rebelles, soutenus par les forces de l’OTAN, et les fidèles du Colonel Kadhafi se livrent une guerre sans merci, laissant des milliers de morts et de blessés et des dégâts matériels implorants. Près de 900.000 personnes quittent le pays pour fuir les combats sanglants qui s’y déroulent et, durant plusieurs semaines, des milliers de personnes traversent les postes frontières de Ras Jdir et de Dhéhiba. Afin de faire face à cette arrivée massive de personnes, des camps sont montés dans l’urgence par l’armée tunisienne pendant que l’aide internationale s’organise. Une opération humanitaire d’urgence est décrétée par l’ONU et confiée au HCR, chargé de protéger les réfugiés et de leur apporter une aide humanitaire, et à l’OIM chargée d’aider à leur rapatriement vers leur pays d’origine. Une part de ceux qui sont entrés sur le territoire tunisien est de nationalité libyenne. Peu d’entre eux restent dans les camps. Ils logent chez des familles tunisiennes, dans des logements qu’ils louent ou dans des hôtels. Ils vont et viennent entre les deux pays au gré de l’évolution de la guerre dans leur pays. Avec la prise de Tripoli par les rebelles et la fuite de Kadhafi, le 1er septembre, le flot de Libyens entrant en Tunisie ne tarit pas pour autant. Les autres personnes sont ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler des "Nationaux de pays tiers", selon une terminologie utilisée par le HCR. Ils résidaient en Libye avant le déclenchement de la crise. La plupart d’entre eux ont été rapatriés vers leur pays d’origine avec l’aide de leurs gouvernements respectifs et/ou de l’OIM. Cependant, plusieurs réfugiés n’ont pas pu être rapatriés, et ne pourront probablement pas l’être, en raison des graves crises qui secouent leurs pays : guerre en Irak, en Somalie, au Soudan, entre l’Erythrée et l’Ethiopie... Le présent rapport, après quelques brèves précisions sur les notions de migrants et de réfugiés, tentera de décrire leur situation et les grandes difficultés qu’ils vivent et de faire le point sur le droit qui leur est applicable. On 17 February 2011, the Libyan people rose up against a forty–year-long dictatorship. The rebels supported by NATO, on the one side, and Colonel Gaddafi’s partisans, on the other, fought each other which meant thousands of deaths, injuries not to mention extensive material destruction. Around 900,000 people fled the country and, for several weeks, many poured across the border posts of Ras Ajdir and Dhebiba. To deal with this situation, emergency camps were set up by the Tunisian army awaiting for international aid. A humanitarian operation was decided upon by the United Nations with UNHCR in charge of protecting refugees and providing humanitarian aid, and the IOM was put in charge of repatriation. Many of those who fled to Tunisia have Libyan nationality. Very few are in the camps, most are hosted by Tunisian families, some rent out flats or hotel rooms. They come and go between the two countries as the war fluctuates. Once Tripoli was taken by the rebels and Qaddafi fled on 1 September, the flow did not decrease. The others are “third-country nationals” according to UNHCR terminology. They used to reside in Libya before the war. Most of them have been repatriated to their home country with the support of their respective governments and/or the IOM. Yet, some refugees were not repatriated and will not be repatriated in the foreseeable future because of serious crises in their country: war in Iraq, in Somalia, in Sudan, between Eritrea and Ethiopia… After some points of definition on migrants and refugees, this report describes their situation and the great difficulties that they face, and suggests the legal framework that could be applied here.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
44050 Report
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