Taxonomy

Barrier to Naturalization Index (BNI)

Description	The Barrier to Naturalization Index focuses specifically on the naturalization process and jus soli. It takes twelve requirements of the naturalization process into account: (1) good conduct, (2) willingness to integrate, (3) language skills, (4) dual nationality, (5) application complexity, (6) application fees, (7) state discretion in granting citizenship, (8) residency requirements, (9) jus sanguinis laws preventing jus soli naturalization of children, (10) jus sanguinis concerning children of parents born in country (double jus soli), (11) women allowed to maintain citizenship after marrying a foreigner, and (12) mothers when married to a foreigner being able to transfer citizenship to their children. It purposely excludes entry requirements, unemployment, and other variables. Data were taken from the naturalization laws of each country and reports from foreign country consulates in the United States. For the index, components were grouped into four categories with a weighing scheme. The total index was constructed as a percentage of the maximum score of the highest-scoring country, so it varied from 0 to 1.
Year	2002
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1 Data Set

The changing definition of China in middle school history textbooks

Authors	Zhaojin Lu
Year	2016
Journal Name	Nations and Nationalism
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2 Journal Article

Citizenship Policy Index (CPI)

Description	The Citizenship Policy Index (CPI) addresses policies for citizenship acquisition for the EU15 member states (for years 1980 and 2008), and other 10 EU member states entered in 2004 (for 2004). CPI consists of the simple aggregation of three factors: whether or not a country grants jus soli, the minimum length of residency requirement for naturalization; whether or not naturalised immigrants are allowed to hold dual citizenship. It also takes into account language and civic integration requirements that a number of countries have mandated as a condition for naturalization. Each component is scored on a 0-2 scale, yielding a 0-6-point range for the total index. CPI draws on in-depth research by individual country experts, within a common methodological framework. CPI allows for distinguishing between three groups of countries, depending on whether their citizenship policies can be characterised as ‘restrictive’ (scores between 0 and 1.5), ‘medium’ (over 1.5 but less than 4) or ‘liberal’ (4 and above).
Year	2008
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3 Data Set

Unequal and gendered: Notes on the coloniality of citizenship

Authors	Manuela Boatcă, Julia Roth
Year	2016
Journal Name	Current Sociology
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4 Journal Article

The History of Racialized Citizenship

Authors	David Scott FitzGerald
Year	2017
Journal Name	The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship
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5 Journal Article

The State and the Madheshi Dalit Women's Access to Citizenship in Nepal

Authors	Krishna Prasad Pandey
Year	2022
Journal Name	CONTEMPORARY VOICE OF DALIT
Citations (WoS)	1
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6 Journal Article

Explaining access to citizenship in Europe: How citizenship policies affect naturalization rates

Authors	Jaap Dronkers, Maarten Peter Vink
Year	2012
Journal Name	European Union Politics
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7 Journal Article

Do Legal Regulations Hinder Naturalisation? Citizenship policies and naturalisation rates in Europe

Authors	David REICHEL
Year	2011
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8 Working Paper

Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis in the Colonies: The Interwar Politics of Race, Culture, and Multiracial Legal Status in British Africa

Authors	Christopher J. Lee
Year	2011
Journal Name	LAW AND HISTORY REVIEW
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9 Journal Article

Citizenship Regime Inclusiveness Index (CITRIX)

Description	This the Citizenship Regime Inclusiveness Index (CITRIX) mainly builds on selected and partly modified indicators of the Migration and Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) strand on the Access to Nationality. It also uses the citizenship indicators of Fitzgerald et al. (2014) as well as the resources offered by DEMIG and GLOBALCIT as further cornerstones for data collection. Covering a total of 23 OECD countries from 1980 to 2014 (805 country-year observations), CITRIX zooms in on four fundamental components of citizenship regimes relating to the acquisition of nationality by immigrants and their children: (1) the residence duration requirement for ordinary naturalization; (2) the toleration of dual citizenship in naturalization; (3) further naturalization requirements, namely language and citizenship tests as well as economic and criminal record condition; and (4) the strength of jus soli.
Year	2014
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10 Data Set

Historical Overview: Patterns of Immigration, Immigration and Citizenship Policies

Authors	Pontus Odmalm
Book Title	Migration Policies and Political Participation
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11 Book Chapter

MIGRANTS INTO CITIZENS - THE IMPOSITION OF JUS-SOLIS IN FRANCE DURING THE LATE 1800S

Authors	R BRUBAKER
Year	1993
Journal Name	Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales
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12 Journal Article

Immigrant Inclusion Index (IMIX)

Description	Immigrant Inclusion Index (IMIX) is a quantitative tool for measuring the electoral inclusion of immigrants in 20 EU member states for 2010. The index includes both de jure (outputs) and de facto (outcomes) indicators. The jure strand assesses the laws regulating the immigrants’ access to citizenship and alien voting rights. Therefore, under de jure indicators, access to citizenship (ius soli, naturalization, and toleration of multiple citizenship for immigrants) and alien enfranchisement (active suffrage for non-citizen residents in legislative and presidential elections, and referend – national and local level) are included. De jure indicators are drawn from EUDO Citizenship Law Indicators. Within the de facto dimension the authors measure the citizenship rate, the naturalization rate, and the alien enfranchisement rate. Data are harmonized and the measurement level is ordinal and ranges from 0 (theoretical minimum) to 100 (theoretical maximum). To aggregate the components in the respective dimensions, they applied the arithmetic mean. Finally, the authors aggregated the de jure and the de facto dimension by applying the geometric mean.
Year	2010
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13 Data Set

Global Citizenship Law: International Migration and Constitutional Identity

Description	'Managing global migration is one of the most pressing issues of our time, particularly in Europe. With more than 230 million international immigrants, the manner in which new citizens are/should be 'created' has become a controversial issue, morally and politically. Traditionally, international law has not regulated nationality law; naturalization requirements remain the last stronghold of national sovereignty. This project advances the establishment of a new subfield in public international law—International Citizenship Law (ICIL)—which would regulate nationality law. It asks a critical and timely question: what are/should be the international legal limitations/privileges imposed on/granted to states in setting naturalization requirements? In order to address this question, the project has five scientific objectives: [1] to investigate the history of the law of naturalization in international law and what it can teach us about 21th-century challenges; [2] to identify the most recent legal developments in the field of naturalization law and establish the most up-to-date international legal standards of naturalization law; [3] to set out the theoretical foundations and the justifications for the establishment of ICIL; [4] to analyze the normative and structural implications derived from an-ICIL approach for future citizenship policy development, as well as to identify the legal reforms that should be taken to promote an-ICIL approach; and [5] to explore the interrelationship between ICIL, immigration policy, and constitutional identity. In essence, the project seeks to formulate international legal standards by which states can admit immigrants without fundamentally changing their cultural heritage and slipping into extreme nationalism. The outcome can serve as a basis for a future reform in international law, EU law, and national legal systems. As the immigration debate reaches a decisive moment, this project has both theoretical significance and policy implications'
Year	2017
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14 Project

GlobalCitizenshipLaw: Global Citizenship Law: International Migration and Constitutional Identity

Description	Managing global migration is one of the most pressing issues of our time, particularly in Europe. With more than 230 million international immigrants, the manner in which new citizens are/should be "created" has become a controversial issue, morally and politically. Traditionally, international law has not regulated nationality law; naturalization requirements remain the last stronghold of national sovereignty. This project advances the establishment of a new subfield in public international law—International Citizenship Law (ICIL)—which would regulate nationality law. It asks a critical and timely question: what are/should be the international legal limitations/privileges imposed on/granted to states in setting naturalization requirements? In order to address this question, the project has five scientific objectives: [1] to investigate the history of the law of naturalization in international law and what it can teach us about 21th-century challenges; [2] to identify the most recent legal developments in the field of naturalization law and establish the most up-to-date international legal standards of naturalization law; [3] to set out the theoretical foundations and the justifications for the establishment of ICIL; [4] to analyze the normative and structural implications derived from an-ICIL approach for future citizenship policy development, as well as to identify the legal reforms that should be taken to promote an-ICIL approach; and [5] to explore the interrelationship between ICIL, immigration policy, and constitutional identity. In essence, the project seeks to formulate international legal standards by which states can admit immigrants without fundamentally changing their cultural heritage and slipping into extreme nationalism. The outcome can serve as a basis for a future reform in international law, EU law, and national legal systems. As the immigration debate reaches a decisive moment, this project has both theoretical significance and policy implications
Year	2017
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15 Project

Citizen or Subordinate: Permutations of Belonging in the United States and the Dominican Republic

Authors	Shaina Aber, Mary Small
Year	2013
Journal Name	Journal on Migration and Human Security
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16 Journal Article

SWISSCIT index on citizenship law in Swiss cantons : conceptualisation, measurement, aggregation

Authors	Jean-Thomas ARRIGHI, Lorenzo PICCOLI
Year	2018
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17 Working Paper

Dimensions of citizenship policy in the post-Yugoslav space : divergent path

Authors	Jelena DZANKIC
Year	2017
Journal Name	Central and East European migration review, 2017, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 31-48
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18 Journal Article

Can Youth with a Migrant Background Speak? Representation, Citizenship and Voice in Italian TV and Press Journalism

Authors	Djordje Sredanovic, Filomena Gaia Farina
Year	2015
Journal Name	Journal of Intercultural Studies
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19 Journal Article

Citizenship Implementation indicators (CITIMP)

Description	EUDO Citizenship Implementation Indicators measure on a 0 to 1 scale the formal aspects of naturalisation procedures: promotion activities, documentation requirements, administrative discretion, bureaucratic procedures, and review and appeal options. CITIMP indicators allow for comparisons of the specific steps in the procedure across countries. CITIMP indicators have been calculated for 35 European states, as well as for three German federal provinces. CITIMP indicators are an output of the research project 'Access to Citizenship and its Impact on Immigrant Integration (ACIT). = The project was financially supported by the European Fund for the Integration of Third Country Nationals, administered by DG Home Affairs. CITIMP indicators were computed on the grounds of self-collected information: questionnaires on implementation of citizenship policies were filled out by country experts.
Year	2012
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20 Data Set

Access to citizenship and the role of origin countries

Authors	Maarten Peter VINK, Tijana PROKIC-BREUER, Jaap DRONKERS
Year	2017
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21 Book Chapter

Deserving citizenship? Exploring migrants' experiences of the ‘citizenship test’ process in the United Kingdom

Authors	Pierre Monforte, Leah Bassel, Kamran Khan
Year	2018
Journal Name	The British Journal of Sociology
Citations (WoS)	3
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22 Journal Article

Immigration Trends and Policy Changes in Taiwan

Authors	Hong-zen Wang
Year	2011
Journal Name	Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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23 Journal Article

Citizenship law indicators (CITLAW)

Description	CITLAW indicators address citizenship laws (acquisition and loss of citizenship) in Europe. Basic indicator scores are calculated on the basis of a list of substantive and procedural requirements for each mode of acquisition or loss using both additive and weighting formulas. CITLAW indicators are also aggregated at different levels in order to analyse more general features of citizenship laws. The 6 highest level CITLAW indicators that are calculated using all 45 basic indicators are: ius sanguinis, ius soli, residence-based ordinary naturalisation, naturalisation on specific grounds, voluntary renunciation and withdrawal/lapse. CITLAW indicators have been calculated for 42 European states for 2011 and 2016. Coding of CITLAW indicators is based on an assessment of legal provisions in national citizenship laws.
Year	2016
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24 Data Set

Future citizens between interest and ability: A systematic literature review of the naturalization and crimmigration scholarship

Authors	Hannah Bliersbach
Year	2022
Journal Name	Ethnicities
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25 Journal Article

Naturalization and employment integration of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands

Authors	Pieter Bevelander, Justus Veenman
Year	2006
Journal Name	Journal of International Migration and Integration
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26 Journal Article

Could Canada Abolish Birthright Citizenship?

Authors	Alan Freckelton
Year	2021
Journal Name	Journal of International Migration and Integration
Citations (WoS)	1
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27 Journal Article

Report on citizenship law : Myanmar

Authors	José María ARRAIZA, Olivier VONK
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Myanmar. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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28 Report

Dumbrava’s Citizenship Policy Index

Description	Dumbrava’s Citizenship Policy Index, which builds on Howard,s citizenship policy index, analyses the citizenship regulations (citizenship laws and additional relevant legislation) in sixteen postcommunist countries in two periods of time (in the 1990s and 2000s). The index focuses on theregulations regarding the acquisition of citizenship- at birth (ius soli, ius sanguinis and overlapping) and through regular naturalization (without facilitations). In discussing the naturalization rules, a numeric scale has been designed to measure the “restrictive”-ness of citizenship rules (0-20). In order to measure the restrictiveness of the naturalization regulations, the present codification took into consideration five categories of requirements: residence (4 points), integration language and society/constitution (2+2 points), personal record criminal and political (2+2 points), loyalty- dual citizenship and oath of allegiance (3+1 points) and welfare income and medical situation (2+2 points). The index represents the sum of the indicators.
Year	2009
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29 Data Set

Report on Citizenship Law : Mozambique

Authors	Patrícia JERÓNIMO
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Mozambique. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2019
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30 Report

Report on Citizenship Law : Uganda

Authors	Tigranna ZAKARYAN
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Uganda. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2019
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31 Report

Report on citizenship law : Israel

Authors	Yossi HARPAZ, Ben HERZOG
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Israel. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2018
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32 Report

Report on citizenship law : Azerbaijan

Authors	Maxim TABACHNIK
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Azerbaijan. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2019
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33 Report

Report on citizenship law : Australia

Authors	Rayner THWAITES
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Australia. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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34 Report

Report on citizenship law : Nepal

Authors	Sabin SHRESTHA
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Nepal. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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35 Report

Untangling liberal democracy from territoriality: from ethnic/civic to ethnic/territorial nationalism

Authors	Maxim Tabachnik
Year	2018
Journal Name	Nations and Nationalism
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36 Journal Article

Immigrant integration and access to citizenship in the European Union: the role of origin countries

Authors	Maarten Peter VINK
Description	This position paper addresses the following research question: “How do actors in sending countries influence the integration of immigrants in the European Union, with regard to the access to citizenship?” The paper argues that the access to citizenship can be viewed as an important factor in the process of integration of immigrants in the destination country. The role of actors in third countries, while only one of the factors that determine citizenship take-up among integration, is crucial as particularly by allowing dual citizenship, countries of origin can take away a major constraint for immigrants in the naturalisation process. Research shows that naturalisation rates are positively impacted by tolerant policies towards dual citizenship. The report discusses the state-of-the-art on the propensity to naturalise among immigrants, as well as on the relation between citizenship and integration. It also presents some key findings from the literature and outlines the relevant questions for further research.
Year	2013
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37 Report

Report on citizenship law : Angola

Authors	Patrícia JERÓNIMO
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Angola. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2019
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38 Report

Report on citizenship law : India

Authors	Ashna ASHESH, Arun THIRUVENGADAM
Description	This report discusses citizenship in India. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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39 Report

Report on citizenship law : Afghanistan

Authors	Abdullah ATHAYI
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Afghanistan. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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40 Report

Report on citizenship law : Sri Lanka

Authors	Luwie GANESHATHASAN, Asanga WELIKALA
Description	This report discusses citizenship in Sri Lanka. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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41 Report

Report on citizenship law : Dominican Republic

Authors	Ernesto SAGAS
Description	This report discusses citizenship in the Dominican Republic. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.
Year	2017
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42 Report

Citizenship between the 'image of the nation' and 'the image of politics' : the case of Montenegro

Authors	Jelena DZANKIC
Year	2014
Journal Name	Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
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43 Journal Article

Regulating Mixed Marriages through Acquisition and Loss of Citizenship

Authors	Betty de Hart
Year	2015
Journal Name	The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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44 Journal Article

Stagnated Liberalization, Long‐term Convergence, and Index Methodology: Three Lessons from the CITRIX Citizenship Policy Dataset

Authors	Samuel D. Schmid
Year	2021
Journal Name	Global Policy
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45 Journal Article

Foreign nationals, enemy penology and the criminal justice system

Authors	Liz Fekete, Frances Webber
Year	2010
Journal Name	Race & Class
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46 Journal Article

Index of fees and economic requirements for naturalization (overall ECN index)

Description	The index addresses the economic requirements and the costs (fees) for naturalization. The index is composed by two sub-indexes index of economic requirements for naturalisation (ERN index) and index of naturalisation fees (fee index), which are combined by calculating the mean of the two indexes. ERN Index. Economic resources as a requirement for naturalisation may take three principal forms: the requirement to participate in the formal economy, to have an income, or not to draw certain welfare benefts In order to measure the relative strength of these requirements, six indicators on their legal format, thresholds, duration and exemptions are combined into an index ranging from 0 (no requirement) to 100 (most difficult requirement). These six indicators vary over time and across countries and can give a meaningful account of diﬀerences in economic requirements for naturalisation. Each indicator measuring the strength of economic requirements has three coding options. The index score for each observation (country_year) is measured by taking the mean of the six indicators. Fee Index. Fees may constitute an economic obstacle for accessing citizenship. For the purpose of investigating costs in the naturalisation process over longer periods and across countries, only general expenses in the naturalisation process, which are independent from an applicant’s individual condition, can be considered. These expenses are measured with five indicators, which are subsequently summarised to a weighted index, in which the total fees make up 70%, language skill certificates and exemptions/reductions for the second generation 10%, and exemptions/reductions for spouses and kin-citizens 5% of the index
Year	2014
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47 Data Set

Earning citizenship. Economic criteria for naturalisation in nine EU countries

Authors	Jeremias Stadlmair
Year	2018
Journal Name	JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN STUDIES
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48 Journal Article

Cohesion without participation: immigration and migrants' associations in Italy

Authors	Claudia Mantovan
Year	2013
Journal Name	Patterns of Prejudice
Citations (WoS)	4
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49 Journal Article

Immigration and Citizenship Law in the Maghreb: Turning Aliens into Citizens

Authors	Delphine PERRIN
Year	2011
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50 Working Paper

Citizenship policies in interwar Turkey*

Authors	Soner Çağaptay
Year	2003
Journal Name	Nations and Nationalism
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51 Journal Article

Immigrant naturalisation, employment and occupational status in western Europe

Authors	Rezart HOXHAJ, Maarten Peter VINK, Tijana PROKIC-BREUER
Year	2019
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52 Working Paper

Affective Citizenship in Brexit Britain: EU Citizens’ Responses to Emotional Governance

Authors	Marianela Barrios Aquino
Year	2022
Journal Name	EMOTIONS-HISTORY CULTURE SOCIETY
Citations (WoS)	2
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53 Journal Article

Immigrant Naturalisation, Employment and Occupational Status in Western Europe

Authors	Rezart Hoxhaj, Maarten Vink, Tijana Breuer
Year	2020
Journal Name	Frontiers in Sociology
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54 Journal Article

The Pros and Cons of Ius Pecuniae: Investor citizenship in comparative perspective

Authors	Jelena DZANKIC
Year	2012
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55 Working Paper

Dual Citizenship and Political Participation: Migrants in the Interplay of United States and Colombian Politics

Authors	Cristina Escobar
Year	2004
Journal Name	Latino Studies
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56 Journal Article

Barriers to naturalization: How dual citizenship restrictions impede full membership

Authors	Martin Weinmann
Year	2021
Journal Name	International Migration
Citations (WoS)	2
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57 Journal Article

Catalyst or Crown: Does Naturalization Promote the Long-Term Social Integration of Immigrants?

Authors	JENS HAINMUELLER, DOMINIK HANGARTNER, GIUSEPPE PIETRANTUONO
Year	2017
Journal Name	American Political Science Review
Citations (WoS)	22
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58 Journal Article

Who becomes a citizen, and what happens next? Report and Policy Brief 2015:6

Taxonomy

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59 Report Series

Trading Citizenship, Human Capital and the European Union

Authors	David Owen
Book Title	Debating Transformations of National Citizenship
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60 Book Chapter

Heterogeneous Naturalization Effects of Dual Citizenship Reform in Migrant Destinations: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Europe

Authors	Floris Peters, Maarten Vink
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61 Journal Article

Heterogeneous Naturalization Effects of Dual Citizenship Reform in Migrant Destinations: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Europe

Authors	FLORIS PETERS, MAARTEN VINK
Year	2023
Journal Name	American Political Science Review
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62 Journal Article

Citizenship in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Courts, Legislatures, and Administrators

Authors	Claus Hofhansel
Year	2008
Journal Name	International Migration Review
Citations (WoS)	9
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63 Journal Article

Rights and Controls in the Management of Migration: The Case of Germany

Authors	Lydia Morris
Year	2000
Journal Name	The Sociological Review
Citations (WoS)	9
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64 Journal Article

Which Indicators are Most Useful for Comparing Citizenship Policies?

Authors	Marc HELBLING, Rainer BAUBÖCK, Marc HELBLING, ...
Year	2011
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65 Working Paper

A Post-Colonial Bouillabaisse: Africans in France — Context and Theory

Authors	Loretta E. Bass
Book Title	African Immigrant Families in Another France
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66 Book Chapter

Babies and Belonging: Reproduction, Citizenship, and Undocumented Nicaraguan Labor Migrant Women in Costa Rica

Authors	Kate Goldade
Year	2011
Journal Name	MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
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67 Journal Article

Family Matters: Modeling Naturalization Propensities in the United States

Authors	Thai V. Le, Manuel Pastor
Year	2022
Journal Name	International Migration Review
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68 Journal Article

Passing the Test? From Immigrant to Citizen in a Multicultural Country

Authors	Elke Winter
Year	2018
Journal Name	Social Inclusion
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69 Journal Article

Immigrant Naturalization in the Context of Institutional Diversity: Policy Matters, but to Whom?

Authors	Maarten Peter Vink, Tijana Prokic-Breuer, Jaap Dronkers
Year	2013
Journal Name	International Migration
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70 Journal Article

‘National’ citizenship in the UK? Education and naturalization policies in the context of internal division

Authors	Dina Kiwan
Year	2011
Journal Name	Ethnicities
Citations (WoS)	8
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71 Journal Article

Naturalization policy index

Description	The index analyses naturalization policies in twenty-six Western immigrant-receiving democracies in order to show how different countries deal with newcomers (year of reference: 2009). The index looks at five aspects of a country’s citizenship and naturalization policies. First, it considers whether a country grants automatic citizenship only to children of citizens (ius sanguinis) or only to those who are born within the country’s border (ius soli). Second, every naturalization policy stipulates that immigrants have to have lived at least a certain number of years within the borders of the country before they can apply for citizenship. Third, it looks at whether passing a language test is part of the naturalization requirements. These tests vary significantly in difficulty. Fourth, in some countries immigrants cannot be naturalized without passing a citizenship test, while in other countries such a test does not exist. Moreover, these tests vary in nature. Fifth, and finally, it includes whether immigrants are required to give up their former nationality or nationalities before they can become citizens. These five scores are combined in an index that ranges from 0 to 15. Overall, this summary score should give a valid indication of the exclusiveness, or ‘ethnicness’, of a country’s naturalization policy.
Year	2009
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72 Data Set

Fetal citizens? Birthright citizenship, reproductive futurism, and the “panic” over Chinese birth tourism in southern California

Authors	Sean H Wang
Year	2016
Journal Name	Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
Citations (WoS)	5
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73 Journal Article

Cash-for-Passports and the End of Citizenship

Authors	Peter J. Spiro
Book Title	Debating Transformations of National Citizenship
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74 Book Chapter

Economic Theories of Citizenship Ascension

Authors	Don DeVoretz, Nahikari Irastorza
Year	2017
Journal Name	The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship
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75 Journal Article

Acquiring Citizenship through Naturalization in Greece: A Sisyphean Struggle for Immigrants

Authors	Nikos Gogonas, Angelo Tramountanis
Year	2023
Citations (WoS)	1
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76 Journal Article

Models of Citizenship and Rules of Naturalisation

Authors	Rainer Bauböck
Book Title	Challenging Racism in Britain and Germany
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77 Book Chapter

Closing a Backdoor to Dual Citizenship: The German Citizenship Law Reform of 2000 and the Abolishment of the “Domestic Clause”

Authors	Swantje Falcke, Maarten Vink
Year	2020
Journal Name	Frontiers in Sociology
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78 Journal Article

Legal and symbolic membership : symbolic boundaries and naturalization intentions of Turkish residents in Germany

Authors	Nils WITTE
Year	2014
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79 Working Paper

A New Agenda for Immigration and Citizenship Policy Research

Authors	Marc Helbling, Ines Michalowski
Year	2017
Journal Name	COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES
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80 Journal Article

Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Portuguese Citizens Abroad

Authors	José Carlos Marques, Pedro Góis
Year	2020
Book Title	Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 2)
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81 Book Chapter

The ecology of immigrant naturalisation: a life course approach in the context of institutional conditions

Authors	Floris Peters, Maarten Vink, Hans Schmeets
Year	2015
Journal Name	Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS)	11
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82 Journal Article

Migration and citizenship attribution : politics and policies in Western Europe

Authors	Maarten Peter VINK
Year	2012
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83 Book

The new German citizenship law and its impact on German demographics: research notes

Authors	Merih Anil
Year	2007
Journal Name	Population Research and Policy Review
Citations (WoS)	3
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84 Journal Article

The Transnational Political Effects of Diasporic Citizenship in Countries of Destination: Overseas Citizenship of India and Political Participation in the United States

Authors	Daniel Naujoks
Book Title	Diaspora as Cultures of Cooperation
Citations (WoS)	1
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85 Book Chapter

Restoring the State's Power to Defame: The Legal Life of Character in the Era of Roosevelt and Trump

Authors	James B. Salazar
Year	2021
Journal Name	JOURNAL OF AMERICAN STUDIES
Citations (WoS)	1
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86 Journal Article

Integration of migrants and reintegration of returnees in Ukraine : legal prospective

Authors	Oleksandra PALAGNUK
Description	The aim of the paper is to address and analyze the process of integration of migrants and returnees into Ukrainian society while applying the following criteria, set by the Migration Integration Policy Index: anti-discrimination and equity; access to education, social benefits system and healthcare; employment opportunities; grade of execution of the right for a freedom of movement and choice of a free place of residence; level of legally-enforced mechanisms aimed at guaranteeing access to citizenship of Ukraine through the process of naturalization as well as various economic and socio-political rights and lawful interests.
Year	2013
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87 Report

Long-Term Heterogeneity in Immigrant Naturalization: The Conditional Relevance of Civic Integration and Dual Citizenship

Authors	Maarten Vink, Anna Tegunimataka, Floris Peters, ...
Year	2021
Journal Name	European Sociological Review
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88 Journal Article

Citizenship acquisition of Turkish immigrants in Canada and Germany: a comparative analysis

Authors	Deniz Yetkin Aker
Year	2019
Journal Name	Comparative Migration Studies
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89 Journal Article

The citizen‐makers : ethical dilemmas in immigrant integration

Authors	Liav ORGAD
Year	2019
Journal Name	European Law Journal, 2010, 16, 2, 186-210
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90 Journal Article

What Is Wrong with Selling Citizenship? It Corrupts Democracy!

Authors	Rainer Bauböck
Book Title	Debating Transformations of National Citizenship
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91 Book Chapter

Beyond Appearances: Citizenship Tests in Canada and the UK

Authors	Mireille Paquet
Year	2012
Journal Name	Journal of International Migration and Integration
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92 Journal Article

Possible Citizens: Migration Enforcement as the Performance of Citizenship in the United Arab Emirates

Authors	Noora Lori
Year	2021
Journal Name	International Migration Review
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93 Journal Article

How Liberal are Citizenship Tests?

Authors	Christian JOPPKE, Rainer BAUBÖCK
Year	2010
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94 Working Paper

Philosophies of integration? Elite views on citizenship policies in Scandinavia

Authors	Grete Brochmann, Arnfinn H Midtbøen
Year	2020
Journal Name	Ethnicities
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95 Journal Article

MY CHILD WILL BE A CITIZEN Intergenerational Motives for Naturalization

Authors	Alex Street
Year	2014
Journal Name	World Politics
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96 Journal Article

Citizenship, migration, and confessional democracy in Lebanon

Authors	Thibaut JAULIN
Year	2014
Journal Name	[Migration Policy Centre]
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97 Journal Article

'Kiss my royal Irish ass.' Contesting identity: Visual culture, gender, whiteness and diaspora

Authors	S Chan
Year	2006
Journal Name	Journal of Gender Studies
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98 Journal Article

Reform, Counter-Reform and the Politics of Citizenship: Local Voting Rights for Third-Country Nationals in Greece

Authors	Anna Triandafyllidou
Year	2014
Journal Name	Journal of International Migration and Integration
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99 Journal Article

Immigration Policies, State Discourses on Foreigners, and the Politics of Identity in Switzerland

Authors	Yvonne Riaño, Doris Wastl-Walter
Year	2006
Journal Name	Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
Citations (WoS)	31
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100 Journal Article

Citoyenneté, naturalisation et apatridie

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