Research
Database

This constantly growing database accumulates and structures
relevant knowledge in the field of migration.

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From mind to mind: Investigating the cultural transmission of intergroup bias in children

Description
Prejudice and discrimination are pressing social problems. Across Europe, the far right is on the rise, and individuals are often discriminated against on the basis of their race, gender or sexual orientation. The origins of these problematic attitudes and behaviours appear early in development, suggesting that we are passing on our biases to our children. Yet, our knowledge of the complex psychological processes by which these biases are learned remains rudimentary. MINDTOMIND experimentally investigates how children encode, select and transmit biased social information, and so provides a framework for understanding how intergroup attitudes are perpetuated across generations. Until now, artificial boundaries between different areas of psychology have prevented theoretical and empirical progress on this important subject. MINDTOMIND synthesizes cutting-edge research on cognitive development and experimental research on cultural transmission and intergroup psychology in order to provide a comprehensive account of this process. The series of experiments to test the proposed framework will answer three key questions. First, how do children respond to biased information they receive from others? Second, how do children select which social information to consume? Third, how do children transmit biased information to others in their social networks? MINDTOMIND will examine how learning, social motivation and cognitive biases interact to produce prejudice and discrimination. It will demonstrate how negative intergroup attitudes can emerge, become radicalised and spread through children’s social networks. In doing so, it will provide a step-change in our understanding of social cognitive development. In addition to far-reaching theoretical implications, this work will have broad societal implications. It will pave the way towards the development of research-led interventions that can reduce intergroup bias and thus contribute to a fairer and more egalitarian society.
Year 2018
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47252 Project

Students Achieving Valuable Energy Savings 2

Description
Students Achieving Valuable Energy Savings 2 (SAVES2) will catalyse sustainable energy behaviours among over 219,000 university students in seven countries to help them reduce their exposure to fuel poverty. It incorporates two strands that engage with students living in university accommodation (Student Switch Off) and in the private-rented sector (SAVES). Student Switch Off is an energy-saving competition that will reach 38,000 students living in 144 dormitories in 14 universities of the partner countries in each academic year from 2017/18 to 2019/20. By identifying and training student ambassadors in each dormitory, and by motivating the ambassadors to encourage their peers to save energy, we will create a race between students in dormitories, each competing to save the most energy and win prizes. It will tap into online student communities through social media, using engaging digital communications (quizzes, photo competitions) to raise awareness of how students can save energy in a fun way. The centrepiece of each competition will be an energy dashboard that updates students in near-real time on the performance and position of their dormitory in the competition – providing feedback and encouraging further action. The private-rented sector engagement work (SAVES) will reach over 100,000 students when they are looking for, moving into and living in the private-rented sector. It will enable students to make better informed decisions at the point at which they are selecting a rental property – thereby routing purchase decisions towards higher efficiency properties. SAVES2 will incorporate national-level partnerships with smart meter delivery agencies to develop student-focused communication materials highlighting the benefits of smart meters. It will provide ongoing advice and support to students via energy-efficiency and bill management training, peer-to-peer advice sharing via video blogs and regular e-mail and social media communications.
Year 2017
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47253 Project

Metacognition of Concepts

Description
This project will investigate the thoughts and feelings that accompany the use of concepts. Concepts lie at the heart of the extraordinary power of the human mind. They are the building blocks of thought, the tools with which we think. Like physical tools, they can be more or less dependable, more or less fit for purpose: e.g. for most people GENE feels like a better concept than MEME. We have an intuitive sense of how dependable a concept is, which is crucial when we decide whether to rely on the concept. It can underpin our decision to reject some concepts (e.g. RACE) and embrace others in our theorising (e.g SPECIES). Similarly in everyday thinking: when concepts are selected for reasoning and induction, and when different cognitive processes compete for control of action, the metacognition that accompanies the concepts involved will have a powerful effect. However, metacognition directed at concepts is still poorly understood. We lack even a clear theoretical framework to underpin research in this area. That is unfortunate because developing an account of people’s metacognitive understanding of their concepts is likely to tell us important things about concepts and about cognitive control; and to solve some thorny philosophical problems. MetCogCon takes up that opportunity. The project will be the first systematic investigation of the scope of metacognition as it applies to concepts. We propose to combine the analytic methods developed by philosophers of mind and cognitive science with psychological model-building and experimental investigation. The insights gained in the project could have important implications for policies about how to reason in everyday and in scientific/philosophical contexts, by outlining when the cues and heuristics that underpin our decisions to embrace or reject particular concepts can and cannot be trusted. Most significantly, the project promises to increase our understanding of a fundamental aspect of the human mind.
Year 2016
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47255 Project

Spin triplet pairings in ferromagnet Josephson junctions

Description
For a long time, the coexistence of conventional superconductivity and ferromagnetism was believed to be impossible. Cooper pairs in normal superconductors are formed by two electrons with antiparallel spins in a singlet configuration while ferromagnets favour parallel alignment of electron spins. In 2001 it was theoretically predicted that under certain conditions both phases could coexist in hybrid structures, giving rise to a race for the discovery of an entirely new kind of superconducting electron pairing state in which the electrons are in the triplet state. The novel hypothesis of this Action relies on the fact that triplet pairs can be formed combining ferromagnets, normal metals and superconductors into hybrid Josephson junctions, and are stable enough to be used to carry spin information in addition to dissipationless charge transfer, which will represent an enormous improvement in comparison to the presently established spin-singlet-based devices. This Action consists of two supplementary stages starting from the maximization of spin-triplet current densities in hybrid ferromagnet junctions (materials science) to the understanding of the basic mechanisms of the spin triplet pairs and the nanofabrication of hybrid Josephson junctions in which the spin triplet supercurrent will be controlled (condensed matter physics). Once the objectives of this Action will be achieved, besides its inherent immediate impact on spintronics and condensed matter, the generation of a radically new technology will emerge. This new technological paradigm, the superconducting spintronics , will take advantage of the unique properties of the two macroscopic phases that were believed to be incompatible and has the potential to overcome significant limitations of logic circuits based separately on superconductivity and spintronics. This experimental action has been built around a multidisciplinary research and innovation project which will be hold at the University of Cambridge.
Year 2015
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47256 Project

Body Mass Index and the Risk of Dementia among Louisiana Low Income Diabetic Patients

Year 2012
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Citations (WoS) 16
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47260 Journal Article

Attending to Social Vulnerability When Rationing Pandemic Resources

Authors Dorothy E. Vawter, J. Eline Garrett, Karen G. Gervais, ...
Year 2011
Journal Name JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ETHICS
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47262 Journal Article

A Hungarian Night for Researchers 2008

Description
The 2008 edition of the Researchers’ Night is an expanded and updated version of the 2007 event. Tempus Public Foundation together with 13 prestigious institutions of the Hungarian higher education and research community - University of Technology and Economics; Corvinus University of Budapest; Eszterházy Károly University; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter Catholic University; Szent István University; Széchenyi István University; University of Debrecen; University of Miskolc; University of Pécs; University of Szeged; University of West Hungary, and the Agricultural Research Institute of the HAS - undertake the organisation of the event in 2008. The consortium consists of last year’s RN partners strengthened by two other universities. Our event fits well in the Europe-wide festival series with the entertaining and serious, but “user-friendly” scientific programmes focusing on science and researchers, and on researchers and society. We wish to involve the public in a wide range of various activities including hands-on experiments, laboratory and cave visits, creative contests, University CSI, music and theatre performances, exhibition of research results, investigating order and disorder in nature, an obstacle race in a Botanical Garden, a library night, games on wildlife, programmes linked to Renaissance Year, The Year of the Bible, and to the International Year of Languages initiatives and innumerable other exciting programmes. Visitors will meet and play with many researchers and get more acquainted with the world of science. The events will take place in 15 towns; most of Hungary will be covered ensuring that the RN will reach a large audience. The professional background and organizational experience of the participants ensure that the activities will be efficiently co-ordinated and both the serious and the entertaining programmes will display a high standard of quality.
Year 2008
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47263 Project

Women slave owners face their historians: versions of maternalism in Atlantic World slavery

Authors W. H. Foster
Year 2007
Journal Name PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE
47264 Journal Article

Non-medical influences on medical decision-making

Authors JB McKinlay, DA Potter, HA Feldman
Year 1996
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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47266 Journal Article

French Colonial Expansion in West Africa, The Sudan, and the Sahara

Authors Norman Dwight Harris
Year 1911
Journal Name American Political Science Review
47267 Journal Article

Exploring challenges and politics of knowledge production in the global South - Evidence from Bangladesh’s aid and development sector

Authors Palash Kamruzzaman
Year 2024
Journal Name Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space
47269 Journal Article

Education and Crime across America: Inequity's Cost

Authors James Ades, Jyoti Mishra
Year 2021
Citations (WoS) 3
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47273 Journal Article

Warm up intensity influences running performance despite prolonged recovery

Authors Hunter L. Paris, Erin C. Sinai, Margaret A. Leist, ...
Year 2021
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
Citations (WoS) 1
47274 Journal Article

Plate waste of adults in the United States measured in free-living conditions

Authors Brian E. Roe, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Citations (WoS) 4
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47277 Journal Article

Baudrillardian Concepts of Hyperreality and Simulacra in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake

Authors Behzad Pourgharib, Afsaneh Pourebrahim
Year 2018
Journal Name KHAZAR JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
47278 Journal Article

Property and Democratic Citizenship: The Impact of Moral Assumptions, Policy Regulations, and Market Mechanisms on Experiences of Eviction

Description
This research explores the impact of property regimes on experiences of citizenship across five democratic countries: Greece, The Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Property rights are a foundational element of democracy, but the right to private property exists in tension with values of equality and a right to shelter. An investigation of property is urgent given the recent normalisation of economic models that have resulted in millions of evictions every year. Through an ethnographic study of eviction this research provides a comparative analysis of the benefits and limitations of contemporary property regimes for democratic citizenship. A property regime is defined as the combination of moral discourses about real landed property with the regulatory policies and market mechanisms that shape the use, sale and purchase of property. The selected countries represent a diverse set of property regimes, but all five are experiencing a housing and eviction crisis that has created new geographies of disadvantage, exacerbated inequalities of race, gender, age and income, and led to social unrest. Building on the PI's previous research into citizen-driven democratic innovation, this research critically examines the concept of property through a novel methodology dubbed 'conflictive context construction' that employs a qualitative approach centred on moments of conflict resulting from the use, sale or purchase of specific properties to answer: how do property regimes shape people's experience of citizenship and what can this tell us about the role of property in contemporary models of democratic governance? The high gain of this research lies in the opportunity to rethink the role of property within democracy based on extensive empirical data about how moral assumptions combine with particular ways of regulating and marketing property to exacerbate, alleviate or create inequalities within contemporary experiences of democratic citizenship.
Year 2018
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47279 Project

Serum Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Authors Xueping Chen, Hui-Fang Shang, Rui Huang, ...
Year 2014
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Citations (WoS) 17
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47285 Journal Article

Assisted reproduction beyond the nation state and nuclear family? Transition to parenthood and negotiating relatedness in gay father families created through transnational surrogacy

Description
The project aims to examine the experiences, meanings and practices of negotiating relatedness in European gay father families created through surrogacy and egg donation in the UK and, transnationally, in the US. The study of the under-researched and developing phenomenon of surrogacy seeks to identify how reproduction or subversion of mainstream family models by Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs) is shaped by four factors: (a) genetic links between parents and children, (b) participation of more than two parents in the conception of the child, (c) intersected gender and sexuality of the parents, (d) social determinants such as class, race, nationality and bio-political institutions in the transnational context. The comparative framework of the US- and UK-based fieldwork enables comparison between the former free market of ARTs and the latter more regulated one. The theoretical relevance of the project lies in its objective to assess the implications of the current evolution of procreation and care relationships by evaluating the adequacy of the couple logic as opposed to networked-individual approaches. It thus responds, too, to the criticisms of closed adoption or donor anonymity within the framework of the debate on child commodification vs. the inclusion of minority families. The socially relevant and policy-related mobility problems of national register of children born through transnational and transcontinental reproductive tourism are tackled with a view to contributing to the debate on the possibility of a European framework for assisted reproduction. The candidate researcher’s training comprises the development of interdisciplinary methodology of sociological research that incorporates contemporary ethnographic approaches and thus better enables investigation into sensitive issues of intimate life. The skills transference envisages the candidate’s overall contribution into the development of the social study of reproduction at the return host centre.
Year 2014
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47286 Project

College-bound teens' decisions about the transition to sex: Negotiating competing norms

Authors Christie Sennott, Stefanie Mollborn
Year 2011
Journal Name Advances in Life Course Research
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47287 Journal Article

Human Prion Diseases in the United States

Year 2010
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Citations (WoS) 46
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47289 Journal Article

The Earth Under Surveillance. Climate Change, Geophysics and the Cold War Legacy

Description
The development of geophysics of the last century has become more relevant to contemporary research. This is because much of the data accumulated in the past have allowed mapping many features of the Earth. Thanks to this information scientists can now appreciate long term changes in climate and environment. However, the data now available were not put together for this purpose. A big leap forward in geophysics materialised during the Cold War, when civilian and military research agencies promoted its expansion in developed countries. Actually, it was the confrontation between Superpowers that boosted the discipline. Some of its branches developed because of the search for oil and uranium in the emerging nuclear arms race. New techniques of geophysical surveying became known especially because of the requirements of nuclear warfare. Western European research groups were deeply involved in geophysical research because US funding organisations (partly through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) encouraged international collaboration. US/European collaborative programmes covertly aimed at gathering data and techniques and they paralleled US and European intelligence operations. This project aims at revealing how the geosciences developed during the Cold War, looking at the network of institutions that promoted a new understanding of the Earth, and the motives in play in expanding geophysical studies. It will focus on scientific and intelligence programmes to find out how they complemented each other. The impact of the proposed research is far reaching promoting new scholarly approaches based on team-based analysis; cross-examination of empirical evidence; and international cooperative work. TEUS will be greatly beneficial to the expansion of the recent history of science and technology. And it will also have an impact on current security studies by shedding new light on the relationship between the geosciences and intelligence organisations.
Year 2009
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47290 Project

Socioeconomic domains and associations with preterm birth

Authors Lynne C. Messer, Lisa C. Vinikoor, Barbara A. Laraia, ...
Year 2008
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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47291 Journal Article

Does socio-econornic advantage lead to a longer, healthier old age?

Authors Ruth J. Matthews, Carol Jagger, Ruth M. Hancock
Year 2006
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47293 Journal Article

A voice in the wilderness gay and lesbian religious groups in the western United States

Authors Michael J. Maher
Year 2006
Journal Name Journal of Homosexuality
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
47294 Journal Article
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