Trafic

Victims of trafficking have been forced or coerced (through recruitment or exploitation) into moving across borders for purposes beyond their control, including including sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery, servitude or removal of organs (UNODC, 2018). Research in this category includes studies on prosecution, victim protection, assistance of victims, sex-trafficking, labour exploitation, child victims, smuggling and international legislation.

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The Sex Trade

Authors Rutvica Andrijasevic
Book Title Migration, Agency and Citizenship in Sex Trafficking
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1 Book Chapter

Third-country national victims of trafficking in human beings: detection, identification and protection

Authors European Migration Network (EMN)
Description
Trafficking in human beings is a crime against the victim’s fundamental rights. It can take several forms, such as sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery and servitude-related practices, as well as the removal of organs. This practice is prohibited under numerous EU and international instruments. Yet, persistent demand for sexual services and for low-wage workers employed in manual jobs continues to provide opportunities for traffickers to exploit human beings. This EMN study provides an overview of measures and best practices around detection, identification and protection of third-country national victims of trafficking in human beings from January 2015 to December 2020. The European study provides an answer to a number of key questions. How do EU Member States, Norway and Georgia tackle human trafficking of third-country nationals? How do countries ensure cooperation at EU and international level? What were the main challenges and good practices identified in respect of the impact of COVID-19?
Year 2022
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2 Report

Review of developments in the field of contemporary forms of slavery and measures to prevent and repress all contemporary forms of slavery report of the Secretary-General

Authors UN. Secretary-General, Albania, Cuba, ...
Description
Summarizes replies received from Governments and concerned intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations on measures taken to deal with slavery-like practices such as trafficking in human beings, sexual exploitation of children and forced labour.
Year 2006
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3 Report

ILO Global estimate of forced labour

Description
Data include statistics on trafficking (only trafficking for labour purposes, not including trafficking for the removal of organs, forced marriage, forced adoption…). ILO mainly focuses on the root causes of trafficking, especially weak labour market governance, ineffective labour migration and recruitment systems using media reports, reports from NGOs, GOs, IOs, academia, trade unions.
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5 Data Set

The sex trade industry's worldwide exploitation of children

Authors RB Flowers
Year 2001
Journal Name The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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6 Journal Article

Human Trafficking in Medieval Europe: Slavery, Sexual Exploitation and Prostitution

Authors Angela Zhang
Year 2021
Journal Name RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
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7 Journal Article

ILO Child Labour Statistics

Description
Child labour slated for abolition falls into the following three categories: (1) Labour that is performed by a child who is under the minimum age specified for that kind of work (as defined by national legislation, in accordance with accepted international standards), and that is thus likely to impede the child's education and full development. (2) Labour that jeopardizes the physical, mental or moral well-being of a child, either because of its nature or because of the conditions in which it is carried out, known as hazardous work. (3) The unconditional worst forms of child labour, which are internationally defined as slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labour, forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict, prostitution and pornography, and illicit activities.
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8 Data Set

AN APPROACH TO CLIENTS OF PROSTITUTION IN MEXICO

Authors Ariagor Manuel Almanza Avendano, Anel Hortensia Gomez San Luis
Year 2021
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10 Journal Article

An exploratory study of child commercial sexual exploitation in the hospitality industry in the United States

Authors Valentini Kalargyrou, Robert Woods
Year 2015
Journal Name Hospitality & Society
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13 Journal Article

Practices of translation and the making of migrant subjectivities in contemporary Italy

Authors CRISTIANA GIORDANO
Year 2008
Journal Name American Ethnologist
Citations (WoS) 45
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14 Journal Article

Understanding and Evaluating UK Efforts to Tackle Forced Labour

Authors Alex Balch
Book Title Vulnerability, Exploitation and Migrants
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15 Book Chapter

An analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of human trafficking in India

Authors Tushar Dakua, Margubur Rahaman, K. C. Das
Year 2024
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17 Journal Article

Seeing slavery in seafood supply chains

Authors Katrina Nakamura, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Lori Bishop, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name SCIENCE ADVANCES
Citations (WoS) 2
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18 Journal Article

Editorial: What’s in a Name? Distinguishing forced labour, trafficking and slavery

Authors Nicola Piper, Marie Segrave, Rebecca Napier-Moore
Year 2015
Journal Name Anti-Trafficking Review
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21 Journal Article

Providing Services to Women in Situations of Prostitution and Human Trafficking during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain, Italy, and Portugal

Authors Olaya García-Vázquez, Carmen Meneses-Falcón
Year 2023
Journal Name Anti-Trafficking Review
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22 Journal Article

Correlates of Exchanging Sex for Drugs or Money for Adolescent Males: A Hidden Population

Authors Brittani A. McNeal
Year 2020
Journal Name JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY
Citations (WoS) 7
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26 Journal Article

The Staff Wanted Initiative: Preventing Exploitation, Forced Labour and Trafficking in the UK Hospitality Industry

Authors Neill Wilkins, Joanna Ewart-James
Book Title Vulnerability, Exploitation and Migrants
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27 Book Chapter

Anti-Trafficking in the Time of FOSTA/SESTA: Networked Moral Gentrification and Sexual Humanitarian Creep

Authors Jennifer Musto, Anne E. Fehrenbacher, Heidi Hoefinger, ...
Year 2021
Journal Name SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL
Citations (WoS) 18
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28 Journal Article

Will the Real Sex Slave Please Stand Up?

Authors Julia O'Connell Davidson
Year 2006
Journal Name Feminist Review
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29 Journal Article

THE INSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION OF THE ECUADORIAN STATE TO PREVENT CHILD AND ADOLESCENT ABUSE

Authors Sandra Valentina Yepez Velazco, Carlos Javier Lizcano Chapeta, Teresa de Jesus Molina Gutierrez
Year 2020
Journal Name Immigrant Youth and Employment: Lessons Learned from the Analysis of LSIC and 82 Lived Stories
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30 Journal Article

Anti-slavery as development: A global politics of rescue

Authors Siobhán McGrath, Samantha Watson
Year 2018
Journal Name Geoforum
Citations (WoS) 4
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31 Journal Article

Sex Trafficking at the Border: An Exploration of Anti-Trafficking Efforts in the Pacific Northwest

Authors Alexander Norfolk, Helga Hallgrimsdottir
Year 2019
Journal Name SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL
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32 Journal Article

Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery

Authors Laura Lammasniemi
Year 2019
Journal Name Social & Legal Studies
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33 Journal Article

Trafficking of Women and Children in Mexico: An Assessment of Anti-Trafficking Laws

Authors Arun Kumar Acharya, Armando Moctezuma Suarez, Francisco de Jesus Gomez Ontiveros
Year 2016
Journal Name REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
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34 Journal Article

Closing the gaps: The need to improve idendfication and services to child victims of trafficking

Authors Elzbieta M. Gozdziak, Margaret MacDonnell
Year 2007
Journal Name Human Organization
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36 Journal Article

Where to Look for Change?

Authors Vera Pavlou
Year 2018
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
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37 Journal Article

Child human trafficking victims: Challenges for the child welfare system

Authors Rowena Fong, Jodi Berger Cardoso
Year 2010
Journal Name Evaluation and Program Planning
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39 Journal Article

A systematic review of the sex trafficking-related literature: Lessons for tourism and hospitality research

Authors Jun Wen, Anton Klarin, Edmund Goh, ...
Year 2020
Journal Name JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Citations (WoS) 26
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40 Journal Article

Design strategies from sexual exploitation and sex work studies among women and girls: Methodological considerations in a hidden and vulnerable population

Authors Lara Gerassi, Tonya Edmond, Andrea Nichols
Year 2017
Journal Name ACTION RESEARCH
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41 Journal Article

Maternity care for trafficked women: Survivor experiences and clinicians' perspectives in the United Kingdom's National Health Service

Authors Debra Bick, Sian Oram, Louise M. Howard
Year 2017
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Citations (WoS) 3
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42 Journal Article

Labor Migration and Trafficking among Vietnamese Migrants in Asia

Authors Daniele Belanger
Year 2014
Journal Name The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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43 Journal Article

Turkey's Response to Sex Trafficking of Migrant Women: Is It Efficient Enough?

Authors Tatiana Zhidkova, Oguzhan Omer Demir
Year 2016
Journal Name International Migration
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44 Journal Article

Analysis of Human Trafficking Cases in Rhode Island, 2009-2013

Authors Faith Skodmin, Rachel Dunham, Donna M. Hughes
Year 2016
Journal Name Sage Open
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46 Journal Article

Global market of sexual nature services. Case for Ukraine

Authors Kurmaiev Petro
Year 2020
Journal Name Immigrant Youth and Employment: Lessons Learned from the Analysis of LSIC and 82 Lived Stories
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48 Journal Article

Migration and Sexual Exploitation in Vietnam

Authors Rosanne Rushing
Year 2006
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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53 Journal Article

Prostitution and Deservingness in Times of Pandemic: State (Non) Protection of Sex Workers in Spain

Authors Estefania Acien Gonzalez, Angeles Arjona Garrido
Year 2022
Journal Name SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL
Citations (WoS) 6
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54 Journal Article

Regulating forced labour and combating human trafficking: the relevance of historical definitions in a contemporary perspective

Authors Natalia Ollus
Year 2015
Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change
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55 Journal Article

Rethinking Dignity and Exploitation in Human Trafficking and Sex Workers’ Rights Cases

Authors William Paul Simmons
Year 2024
Journal Name Societies
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56 Journal Article

Explaining the under-performance of the anti-human-trafficking campaign: experience from the United States and Europe

Authors William F. McDonald
Year 2014
Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change
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57 Journal Article

Emotional Confrontation over and Public Deliberation on Paid Sex. The struggle between disgust and shame

Authors Vanesa Saiz Echezarreta, Cristina Penamarin
Year 2021
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58 Journal Article

Emotional Confrontation and Public Deliberation on Paid Sex. The Struggle between Disgust and Shame

Authors Vanesa Saiz Echezarreta, Cristina Penamarin
Year 2021
Journal Name DEBATS-REVISTA DE CULTURA PODER I SOCIETAT
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59 Journal Article

Is Child to Adult as Victim is to Criminal? Social Policy and Street-Based Sex Work in the USA

Authors Anthony Marcus, Robert Riggs, Amber Horning, ...
Year 2012
Journal Name SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY
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60 Journal Article

Trafficking in domestic work : looking at the demand-side

Authors Alexandra RICARD-GUAY
Year 2016
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61 Working Paper

Female offenders of human trafficking and sexual exploitation

Authors Miriam Wijkman, Edward Kleemans
Year 2019
Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change
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62 Journal Article

Moral Panic and the Prostitute in Partitioned Poland: Middle-Class Respectability in Defense of the Modern Nation

Authors Keely Stauter-Halsted
Year 2009
Journal Name Slavic Review
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63 Journal Article

Creative Recourse in Cases of Forced Labour: Using Human Trafficking, Human Rights and Labour Law to Protect Migrant Workers

Authors Laurence Matte Guilmain, Jill Hanley
Year 2020
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 3
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65 Journal Article

Trafficking, Rape, or Deceptive Sex? A Historical Examination of Procurement Offences in England

Authors Laura Lammasniemi
Year 2022
Journal Name SOCIAL & LEGAL STUDIES
Citations (WoS) 2
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66 Journal Article

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of survivors of trafficking for sexual exploitation: a qualitative study in Spain

Authors Olaya Garcia-Vazquez, Olaya García-Vázquez, Carmen Meneses-Falcón, ...
Year 2023
Journal Name International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care
Citations (WoS) 2
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67 Journal Article

Propozycja definicji pracy przymusowej – projekt art. 115 § 22b Kodeksu karnego

Authors Witold Klaus, Małgorzata Makarska
Journal Name Prawo w Działaniu
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68 Journal Article

Commentary on Heidensohn's ‘The deviance of women’: continuity and change over four decades of research on gender, crime and social control

Authors Jody Miller
Year 2010
Journal Name The British Journal of Sociology
Citations (WoS) 1
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70 Journal Article

Anthropological Perspectives on the Trafficking of Women for Sexual Exploitation

Authors Lynellyn D. Long
Year 2004
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 33
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72 Journal Article

Preventing human trafficking : the Republic of Moldova

Authors Valeriu MOSNEAGA
Description
The integration of the Republic of Moldova into international migration processes was accompanied by the development of human trafficking. Moldova, moreover, witnessed multiple forms of trafficking: for the purposes of labour exploitation, for sexual exploitation, trafficking of women and children for exploitation (for begging), and trafficking of human organs for sale.
Year 2013
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73 Report

From fish to fishworker traceability in Thai fisheries reform

Authors Alin Kadfak, Marie Widengård
Year 2022
Journal Name Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
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74 Journal Article

Prostitution and Trafficking in Portugal: Legislation, Policy, and Claims

Authors Madalena Duarte
Year 2012
Journal Name SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY
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75 Journal Article

Challenges to addressing trafficking into forced labor in Chile: a legal culture perspective

Authors Carol Chan, Natalie Gomez
Year 2022
Journal Name CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Citations (WoS) 1
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76 Journal Article

New Zealand's turbulent waters: the use of forced labour in the fishing industry

Authors CHRISTINA STRINGER, D. HUGH WHITTAKER, GLENN SIMMONS
Year 2015
Journal Name Global Networks
Citations (WoS) 17
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77 Journal Article

Conflicts of Mobility: Migration, Labour and European Citizenship

Authors Rutvica Andrijasevic
Book Title Migration, Agency and Citizenship in Sex Trafficking
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79 Book Chapter

Prostitution as Morality Politics or Why It Is Exceedingly Difficult To Design and Sustain Effective Prostitution Policy

Authors Hendrik Wagenaar, Sietske Altink
Year 2012
Journal Name SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY
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80 Journal Article

Human Rights and Migration: Trafficking for Forced Labour

Authors Daniela Debono
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
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81 Journal Article

DEMAND-AT

Description
DemandAT is an interdisciplinary research project funded under the EU Seventh Framework Programme. The project brings together nine partners across seven European countries to investigate approaches to addressing and reducing demand for trafficking in human beings through anti-trafficking efforts and policies. While responses to trafficking have traditionally focused on combating the criminal networks involved in trafficking or protecting the human rights of victims, European countries are increasingly exploring ways of influencing demand for the services or products of those trafficked within their own economies and societies – for example, through criminalising clients, better control of recruitment agencies, or fair trade campaigns. DemandAT contributes to a better understanding of how policymakers can influence demand for trafficking and actively engages with EU and national level policymakers. The project benefits from continuous stakeholder interaction and is informed by a stakeholder advisory board comprising representatives from the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women, the International Organization for Migration, the International Trade Union Confederation, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the United Nationas Office for Drugs and Crime amongst others. The project’s research takes a broad approach to trafficking analysing a range of forced and exploitative labour scenarios. It explores what demand means in the context of trafficking in human beings conceptually and examines how demand for products and services provided by trafficked women, men and children operates in practice. The measures implemented to reduce demand for trafficking are analysed and their efficacy in reducing demand is assessed. Insights are drawn from related areas to develop a broader perspective of the range of regulatory options that exist for influencing demand for trafficking in human beings. Research Phases The research is structured into three, interlocking, phases: Phase 1: Analysis of the theoretical and empirical literature on demand for trafficking in human beings and regulating demand in different disciplines, fields and countries. This includes economic and genealogical analysis of the concept of demand and a comprehensive overview of demand in different forms of trafficking. January 2014-June 2015. Phase 2: Involves three in-depth empirical case studies on different trafficking fields: domestic work, prostitution and imported goods. A further two case studies will be conducted investigating different policy approaches: law enforcement actors and campaigns. September 2014-December 2016. Phase 3: The final phase involved integrating the project insights into a coherent framework with a focus on dissemination. January 2017-June 2017. Research Areas The project is divided into a series of work packages that cover different aspects of trafficking and examine different measures for addressing demand for trafficking in human beings. The substantive work packages include: The Concept of Demand Researchers at the University of Bremen lead on developing an analysis of the meaning and implications of demand from a genealogical and economic perspective; exploring the conceptual foundations of the debate on demand in trafficking. January 2014- June 2015. Policy Instruments in Steering Demand Researchers at the University of Edinburgh provide a conceptual analysis of the regulatory tools available for steering demand drawing on related fields to examine measures to steer demand for lower cost goods/services and for illicit goods/services. January 2014 – June 2015. Demand in Different Forms of Trafficking in Human Beings Researchers at La Strada International lead a systematic review of the literature on demand-side factors and demand-side policies. This review is conducted in relation to trafficking for the purposes of: the commercial sex market, labour exploitation, forced begging, forced/servile marriages, forced criminal activities and illegal organ removal. January 2014 – June 2015. Government Responses: Comparative Country Analysis Researchers at International Centre for Migration Policy Development provide a comparative overview of the development and implementation of policies targeting demand for trafficking in selected EU and non-EU countries. This includes an analysis of the debates on the expected and actual outcomes of demand related policies. January 2014 – June 2015. Domestic Work Researchers at the European University Institute investigate types of domestic work that involve extreme forms of exploitation focusing on the dynamics between demand and supply with a view to proposing improved policy options for combatting trafficking and exploitation in domestic work. The countries studied are: Belgium, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. September 2014 – December 2016. Globalised production of Goods Researchers at the University of Durham evaluate the impact of existing initiatives to address trafficking and forced labour in global supply chains. Field research in non-EU countries will inform the development of industry-specific strategies to address trafficking and forced labour in supply chains. September 2014 – December 2016. Prostitution Researchers at Lund University conduct a comparative analysis of how demand for trafficking is tackled in different policy approaches to prostitution. Germany, New Zealand and Sweden provide case studies for different policy models on prostitution. January 2014 – December 2016 Law Enforcement Actors Researchers at DCAF lead in developing a better understanding of the role, potential and limits of law enforcement actors in addressing demand for trafficking. The analysis focuses on security sector actors (police, border guards, judges and prosecutors) and labour inspectorates. September 2014 – December 2016 Addressing Demand with Smart Campaigns Researchers at the University of Bremen lead in evaluating anti-trafficking campaigns and developing a method for assessing their impact in reducing demand for trafficking in order to inform the planning, implementation and evaluation of such campaigns. September 2014 – December 2016.
Year 2014
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82 Project

Dancing across Borders: ‘Exotic Dancers,’ Trafficking, and Canadian Immigration Policy

Authors Audrey Macklin
Year 2003
Journal Name International Migration Review
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84 Journal Article

Trafficking for sexual exploitation victim protection in international and domestic asylum law

Authors Tyler Marie Christensen, UNHCR. Policy Development and Evaluation Service
Year 2011
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85 Report

The Perceptions of Prostitution, Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking among Young People in Spain

Authors Carmen Meneses-Falcón, Antonio Rúa-Vieites, Olaya García-Vázquez
Year 2024
Journal Name Sociological Research Online
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86 Journal Article

Prostitution - An endless history?

Authors Mileno Chimienti
Year 2008
Journal Name SOCIETES
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87 Journal Article

How Hoteliers Act in the Form of Organized Crime in Human Trafficking: A Case Study from Turkey

Authors Mahmut Cengiz, Oguzhan Omer Demir
Year 2022
Citations (WoS) 1
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88 Journal Article

Roma Children and Young People in Bulgaria: Patterns of Risk and Effective Protection in Relation to Child Sexual Exploitation

Authors Kate D'Arcy, Isabelle Brodie
Year 2015
Journal Name Social Inclusion
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89 Journal Article

The challenges of fighting sex trafficking in the legalized prostitution market of the Netherlands

Authors Wim Huisman, Edward R. Kleemans
Year 2014
Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change
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90 Journal Article

Policy Change in Prostitution in the Netherlands: from Legalization to Strict Control

Authors Joyce Outshoorn
Year 2012
Journal Name SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY
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91 Journal Article

ROOT: Research on organized trafficking

Description
To contribute to a real comprehension of the impact of organized crime in trafficking in women. To prepare a transnational project directed at eradicating the trafficking in human beings (THB) for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Sicily, in a European dimension
Year 2013
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92 Project

Now you see her, now you don't: Sex workers at the UN Trafficking Protocol Negotiations

Authors J Doezema
Year 2005
Journal Name Social & Legal Studies
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94 Journal Article

Roma Children and Young People in Bulgaria: Patterns of Risk and Effective Protection in Relation to Child Sexual Exploitation

Authors Kate D'Arcy, Isabelle Brodie
Year 2015
Journal Name Social Inclusion
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96 Journal Article

Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

Authors Amy Farrell, Shea Cronin
Year 2015
Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change
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97 Journal Article

Legal Responses to Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the European Union

Authors J. Banach-Gutierrez
Year 2007
Journal Name International Journal of Refugee Law
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98 Journal Article

Fighting Against Human Trafficking for Commercial Sexual Exploitation: The Actions in Western Europe

Authors Silvia Scarpa
Year 2010
Journal Name Revue internationale de droit pénal
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99 Journal Article

Client-Only Criminalization in the City of Stockholm: A Local Research on the Application of the "Swedish Model" of Prostitution Policy

Authors Daniela Danna
Year 2012
Journal Name SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY
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100 Journal Article
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