Research
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This constantly growing database accumulates and structures
relevant knowledge in the field of migration.

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Europe’s dubious response to the refugee crisis

Authors Angeliki DIMITRIADI
Description
The present paper Discusses the current refugee crisis from its outbreak to its evolution Attempts to set current EU responses in a contextual setting, from the early response to theLampedusa tragedy of 2013 with Task Force Mediterranean to today’s proposal for theredistribution of 160,000 refugees. Critically discusses European Member States’ responses and the resurface of ‘Fortress Europe’ Proposes priorities and measures, stressing the need for a global response to the currentrefugee crisis.
Year 2015
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2 Report

SENTENCED TO NORMALITY - THE ITALIAN POLITICAL REFUGEES IN PARIS

Authors Ruggiero
Year 1993
Journal Name CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
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4 Journal Article

SHORT REVIEWS

Authors Sajeda Amin, John Bongaarts, Susan Greenhalgh, ...
Year 2002
Journal Name Population and Development Review
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5 Journal Article

Fortress Europe as Empire and Ireland's National Diaspora Centre

Authors Gerard Boucher, Watson
Year 2017
Journal Name Visual Studies
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6 Journal Article

Everything under Control? The European Union’s Policies and Politics of Immigration

Authors Petra Bendel
Book Title The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration
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7 Book Chapter

Common EU policies on authorised immigration : past, present and future

Authors Georgia MAVRODI
Description
Since the early 1990s, one metaphor has dominated the debates on the construction of a common EU immigration policy: ‘Fortress Europe’. The gradual adoption of a set of common rules on the entry, residence and rights of non-EU nationals was depicted as the building of a wall along the external borders of the EU to keep non-EU nationals away coupled with internal, legal boundaries within the welfare systems of EU member states.
Year 2015
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8 Report

Fortress Europe? Challenges and Failures of Migration and Asylum Policies

Authors Andrea Althoff
Year 2018
Journal Name Nordic Journal of Migration Research
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9 Journal Article

The Language of Walls Along the Balkan Route

Authors Federico Giulio Sicurella
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies
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10 Journal Article

Brainy Africans to Fortress Europe: For Money or Colonial Vestiges?

Authors Amelie Constant, Bienvenue Tien
Journal Name SSRN Electronic Journal
11 Journal Article

Londoners and Outlanders: Polish Labour Migration through the European Lens

Authors Kris Van Heuckelom
Year 2013
Journal Name SLAVONIC AND EAST EUROPEAN REVIEW
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12 Journal Article

International migration and state sovereignty in an integrating Europe

Authors A Geddes
Year 2001
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
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14 Journal Article

Borders and Populations in Flux: Frontex’s Place in the European Union’s Migration Management

Authors Bernd Kasparek
Book Title The Politics of International Migration Management
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15 Book Chapter

The EU and Immigration Policies: Cracks in the Walls of Fortress Europe?

Authors AM Messina
Year 2016
Journal Name EUROPEAN LEGACY-TOWARD NEW PARADIGMS
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16 Journal Article

The external dimension of EU asylum and migration policy: expanding Fortress Europe?

Year 2008
Book Title Europe’s global role: external policies of the European Union
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17 Book Chapter

The Political Economy of Outsourcing

Authors John Smith
Book Title Vulnerability, Exploitation and Migrants
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18 Book Chapter

International Migration and State Sovereignty in an Integrating Europe

Authors Andrew Geddes
Year 2001
Journal Name International Migration
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19 Journal Article

EU-Limboscapes: Ceuta and the proliferation of migrant detention spaces across the European Union

Authors Xavier Ferrer-Gallardo, Abel Albet-Mas
Year 2016
Journal Name European Urban and Regional Studies
Citations (WoS) 6
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20 Journal Article

Dissident voices: Refugees, human rights and asylum in Europe

Authors Colin Harvey
Year 2000
Journal Name Social & Legal Studies
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21 Journal Article

Fortress Europe and the Iraqi "intruders" Iraqi asylum-seekers and the EU, 2003-2007

Authors Markus Sperl, UNHCR. Policy Development and Evaluation Service
Year 2007
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22 Report

Immigration society and 'refugee crisis' in Germany

Authors Klaus J. Bade
Year 2018
Journal Name HISTORICAL SOCIAL RESEARCH-HISTORISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG
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23 Journal Article

'Do Not Disturb My Circles!': Face-to-Face Encounters with Refugees in Jenny Erpenbeck'sGo, Went, Goneand Bodo Kirchhoff'sWiderfahrnis

Authors David Coury
Year 2020
Journal Name EUROPEAN LEGACY-TOWARD NEW PARADIGMS
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24 Journal Article

Diaspora or International Proletariat? Italian Labor, Labor Migration, and the Making of Multiethnic States, 1815-1939

Authors Donna R. Gabaccia, Fraser Ottanelli
Year 1997
Journal Name Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
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27 Journal Article

The open method of co-ordination in immigration policy: a tool for prying open Fortress Europe?

Authors Alexander Caviedes
Year 2004
Journal Name Journal of European Public Policy
Citations (WoS) 53
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28 Journal Article

In the shadow of fortress Europe? Impacts of European migration governance on Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia

Authors Andrew Geddes, Andrew Taylor
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 4
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29 Journal Article

Irregular Afghan Migration to Europe

Authors Angeliki Dimitriadi
30 Book

A hole in the wall of fortress Europe: The trans‐European posting of third‐country labour migrants

Authors Dries Lens, Ninke Mussche, Ive Marx
Year 2021
Journal Name International Migration
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31 Journal Article

From the euro to the Schengen crises: European integration theories, politicization, and identity politics

Authors Tanja A. Börzel, Tanja A. Boerzel, Thomas Risse
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of European Public Policy
Citations (WoS) 37
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33 Journal Article

Belgian Bricks for Fortress Europe: Comment on the New Refugee Law after a Judgment of the Cour d'Arbitrage

Authors JEAN-YVES CARLIER, DIRK VANHEULE
Year 1994
Journal Name International Journal Of Refugee Law
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34 Journal Article

‘Colour-evasiveness’ and racism without race: the disablement of asylum-seeking children at the edge of fortress Europe

Authors Valentina Migliarini
Year 2018
Journal Name Race Ethnicity and Education
Citations (WoS) 2
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35 Journal Article

Fortress Europe or Europe of rights? : the Europeanisation of family migration policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands

Authors Laura BLOCK, Saskia BONJOUR
Year 2013
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
Citations (WoS) 25
36 Journal Article

International Migration and State Sovereignty in an Integrating Europe

Authors Andrew GEDDES
Year 2001
Journal Name International Migration
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37 Journal Article

Absurdity and the “Blame Game” Within the Schengen Area: Analyzing Greek (Social) Media Discourses on the Refugee Crisis

Authors Salomi Boukala, Dimitra Dimitrakopoulou
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies
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39 Journal Article

Transnational Migration and the Emergence of the European Border Regime: An Ethnographic Analysis

Authors Vassilis Tsianos, Serhat Karakayali
Year 2010
Journal Name European Journal of Social Theory
Citations (WoS) 56
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40 Journal Article

Counting Migrants' Deaths at the Border: From Civil Society Counterstatistics to (Inter)Governmental Recuperation

Authors Charles Heller, Antoine Pecoud
Year 2020
Journal Name AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST
41 Journal Article

Channels of Entry and Preferred Destinations: The Circumvention of Denmark by Chinese Immigrants

Authors Mette Thuno
Year 2003
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 5
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42 Journal Article

Bodies across borders: oral and visual memory in Europe and beyond

Description
This project intends to study intercultural connections in contemporary Europe, engaging both native and ‘new’ Europeans. These connections are woven through the faculties of embodied subjects – memory, visuality and mobility – and concern the movement of people, ideas and images across the borders of European nation-states. These faculties are connected with that of affect, an increasingly important concept in history and the social sciences. Memory will be understood not only as oral or direct memory, but also as cultural memory, embodied in various cultural products. Our study aims to understand new forms of European identity, as these develop in an increasingly diasporic world. Europe today is not only a key site of immigration, after having been for centuries an area of emigration, but also a crucial point of arrival in a global network designed by mobile human beings. Three parts will make up the project. The first will engage with bodies, their gendered dimension, performative capacities and connection to place. It will explore the ways certain bodies are ‘emplaced’ as ‘European’, while others are marked as alien, and contrast these discourses with the counter-narratives by visual artists. The second part will extend further the reflection on the role of the visual arts in challenging an emergent ‘Fortress Europe’ but also in re-imagining the memory of European colonialism. The work of some key artists will be shown to students in Italy and the Netherlands, both recent migrants and ‘natives’, creating an ‘induced reception’. The final part of the project will look at alternative imaginations of Europe, investigating the oral memories and ‘mental maps’ created by two migrant communities in Europe: from Peru and from the Horn of Africa. Examining the heterogeneous micro-productions of mobility – whether ‘real’ or imagined/envisioned – will thus yield important lessons for the historical understanding of inclusion and exclusion in today’s Europe.
Year 2013
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43 Project

Borderlands: Expanding Boundaries, Governance, and Power in the European Union's Relations with North Africa and the Middle East

Description
Challenging the notion of Fortress Europe , the research investigates relations between the European Union and its southern periphery through the concept of borderlands . The concept emphasises the disaggregation of the triple function of borders demarcating state territory, authority, and national identity inherent in the Westphalian model of statehood. This process is most visible in (although not limited to) Europe, where integration has led to supranational areas of sovereignty, an internal market, a common currency, and a zone of free movement of people, each with a different territorial span. The project explores the complex and differentiated process by which the EU extends its unbundled functional and legal borders to the so-called southern Mediterranean (North Africa and parts of the Middle East), thereby transforming it into borderlands . They connect the European core with the periphery through various legal and functional border regimes, governance patterns, and the selective outsourcing of some EU border control duties. The overarching questions informing this research is whether, first, the borderland policies of the EU, described by some as a neo-medieval empire, is a functional consequence of the specific integration model pursued inside the EU, a matter of foreign policy choice or a local manifestation of a broader global phenomenon. Second, the project addresses the question of power dynamics that underwrite borderland governance, presuming a growing leverage of third country governments resulting from their co-optation as gatekeepers. Thus, while adopting an innovative approach, the project will enhance our understanding of EU-Mediterranean relations while also addressing crucial theoretical questions in international relations.
Year 2011
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44 Project

Border Politics and Practices of Resistance on the Eastern Side of ‘Fortress Europe’: The Case of Chechen Asylum Seekers at the Belarusian–Polish Border

Authors Marta Szczepanik
Year 2018
Journal Name Central and Eastern European Migration Review,
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45 Journal Article

Border Politics and Practices of Resistance on the Eastern Side of ‘Fortress Europe’: The Case of Chechen Asylum Seekers at the Belarusian–Polish Border

Authors Marta Szczepanik
Year 2018
Journal Name Central and Eastern European Migration Review,
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46 Journal Article

Border Politics and Practices of Resistance on the Eastern Side of 'Fortress Europe': The Case of Chechen Asylum Seekers at the Belarusian-Polish Border

Authors Marta Szczepanik
Year 2018
Journal Name CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN MIGRATION REVIEW
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47 Journal Article

Digital Crossings in Europe: Gender, Diaspora and Belonging

Description
Many immigrants enter Europe both legally and illegally every year. This creates multiple challenges for the Union, including the gender and ethnic segregation of migrant groups, especially women. While it strives for an inclusive and integrated society as envisioned by the EU motto ‘Unity in Diversity’, it is still often perceived more as ‘Fortress Europe.’ This project focuses on the ‘connected migrant’, studying how virtual communities of migrants, or digital diasporas, convey issues of technology, migration, globalisation, alienation and belonging capturing the lives of migrants in their interaction with multiple worlds and media. More specifically, it will investigate whether digital technologies enhance European integration or foster gender and ethnic segregation, and, if so, how. Using a multi-layered and cutting-edge approach that draws from the humanities, social science and new media studies (i.e. internet studies and mobile media), this research considers: 1. How migration and digital technologies enable digital diasporas (Somali, Turkish, Romanian) and the impact these have on identity, gender and belonging in European urban centres; 2. How these entanglements are connected to and perceived from outside Europe by focusing on transnational ties; and 3. How digital connections create new possibilities for cosmopolitan outlooks, rearticulating Europe’s motto of ‘Unity in Diversity.’ The outcomes of this work will be innovative at three levels. a) Empirically, the project gathers, maps and critically grounds online behaviour by migrant women from a European comparative perspective. b) Methodologically, it breaks new ground by developing new methods of analysis for digital diasporas contributing to the development of ‘postcolonial’ digital humanities. c) Conceptually, it integrates colonial and migrant relations into the idea of Europe, elaborating on the notion of cosmopolitan belonging through virtual connectivity.
Year 2016
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48 Project

Managing Irregular Migration in Turkey: a political-bureaucratic Perspective

Authors Kemal KIRIŞCI
Description
The paper, which tackles the Turkish experience of irregular migration, will be divided into three sections. The first section will examine the background and nature of irregular migration in Turkey: foreign nationals, mostly from neighboring countries, who overstay their visa and/or are illegally employed; transit migrants from various countries whose primary aim is to make their way into the European Union (EU); trafficking victims women who have been forced into prostitution and are then apprehended; and lastly rejected or stranded asylum seekers. The second section of the paper will examine the policies of the Turkish government towards these different groups of “irregular migrants”. This section will argue that the government follows a differentiated policy and that these policies are a function of different factors. It will also examine the role of non-governmental organizations. The last section will examine the issue of “irregular migration” in the context of EU-Turkish relations. The paper argues that these relations are marked by deep mistrust and that this mistrust is likely to remain in the foreseeable future. One of the major sources of mistrust is the conviction among Turkish officials that the EU wants to use Turkey as a “buffer zone” and/or a “dumping ground” for irregular migrants. Additionally Turkish officials are also concerned about the way in which the EU compels neighboring countries to manage their borders in a manner that adversely affects these countries’ relations with Turkey. In other words, as the EU tries to strengthen “fortress Europe”, Turkey’s interests and security are adversely affected. The paper will conclude by arguing that both the EU and Turkey have an interest in taking each other’s interests and security seriously.
Year 2008
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49 Report

‘Dialogues beyond the ‘Fortress Europe’: The Genesis and Evolution of the ‘Free Circulation of Persons’ Concept through EP Schengen Area Debates, 1985-2015’ in: The Borders of Schengen

Authors Cristina Blanco Sío-López
Year 2015
Book Title ‘Dialogues beyond the ‘Fortress Europe’: The Genesis and Evolution of the ‘Free Circulation of Persons’ Concept through EP Schengen Area Debates, 1985-2015’ in book: The Borders of Schengen
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50 Book Chapter

Citizenship for Sale: Could and Should the EU Intervene?

Authors Jo Shaw
Book Title Debating transformations of national citizenship
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51 Book Chapter

Introduction: Preparing the Way for Qualitative Research in Migration Studies

Authors Evren Yalaz, Ricard Zapata-Barrero
Book Title Qualitative Research in European Migration Studies
52 Book Chapter

EU Citizenship, Free Movement and Emancipation: A Rejoinder

Authors Floris De Witte
Book Title Debating European citizenship
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53 Book Chapter

Asylum Policies and Protests in Austria

Authors Verena Stern, Nina Merhaut
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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54 Book Chapter
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