Montenegro

The project Researchers’ Night in Montenegro 2013 will be a successful continuance of its precedents Researchers’ Nights 2009-2012, organized by the same consortium, Montenegrin Science Promotion Foundation – PRONA, Natural History Museum and Ministry of Science, and strengthen efforts put in bridging the gap between the researchers and wider public. All events will take place on Friday, 27 September, from 12:00 – 24:00, with the central events (Hands-on-experiments, Science and Art installations, Gala opening, Movie projections, Interdisciplinary and inter-generational workshops, ‘Open science Show and Quiz’, Astronomical workshop, Science kindergarten, Concert) happening at the main Square in Podgorica and a series of smaller scale activities in Podgorica (University of Montenegro, Natural History Museum of Montenegro and “Delta” and “Gintas” Shopping Malls) and five other towns in Montenegro (Kotor, Tivat, Danilovgrad, NIksic and Bijelo Polje). Target groups of the projects are: high school students, university students, young people in general, preschool children, elementary school pupils, parents, school authorities and teachers, media and general public. The implementation plan implies having at least 10000 of direct participants, and to cover at 44% of Montenegrin population or 290000 people with awareness campaign. At least 250 people, from which 50 researchers coming from different sectors and fields of research, will implement the Researchers’ Night’s activities. Researchers’ Night will have a higher regional and international character. The main aim of 2013 project is to upgrade the role of researchers within the society. Project Researchers’ Night is fun, educational and unique event that gathers general population and researchers from academic institutions, the business sector, schools, young-talent programs, various NGOs, governmental institutions, international agencies, and guests - researchers from around the region and world, including diaspora.

Objectives • To assess and improve administrative and survey-based statistics (including the field of asylum, visa and migration) that are generated by justice and home affairs institutions in 7 countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, FYROM, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia). • To bring national statistics mechanisms in justice and home affairs institutions in the 7 countries towards compliance with relevant international and European Union acquis, standards and best practices • To strengthen the response to crime and corruption in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, FYROM, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia Target group • Senior law enforcement officials • Prosecutors and judges • Staff of ministries of interior and ministries of justice • National statistical offices Outcomes • Preparation of a detailed written country assessment on national asylum visa and migration statistics in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, FYROM, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia • Preparation of recommendations related to asylum, visa and migration statistics in the countries • Design and deliver training sessions for staff of justice and home affairs institutions on asylum, visa and migration statistics for each project country and territory. Project partners The project is implemented by UNODC in partnership with the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI), the Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime (TRANSCRIME) and the ICMPD.

From 1.2.2010 to 30.11.2012 the project MIDWEB made a contribution to the reconstruction and the development of the countries Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and UNSC Resolution 1244 administered Kosovo. This was facilitated by a temporary mission of highly-qualified persons, who originate from these countries and lived during the project in Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and in the United Kingdom. The project focused particularly on capacity-building in certain fields of local organisations in the target countries. The project is managed by IOM in partnership with the Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI), the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees in Germany and the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (WIIW), and is funded by the European Commission.

This report presents the results and the methodology of the 2016 implementation of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) in EU-28 countries and in Montenegro and Turkey (MPM2016), carried out by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, EUI. The Media Pluralism Monitor is a comprehensive and balanced tool for assessing risks for media pluralism, composed of 200 variables organized within 20 main indicators and, finally, structured in four thematic areas, encompassing pertinent legal, economic, political and socio-cultural considerations. The results of the MPM2016 implementation confirm again, as a general trend and in line with MPM2015 and MPM2014, that no EU country is immune from risks that are related to media freedom and pluralism.

I denne rapporten behandles flyktningers sekundærflytting, dvs. den flytting de foretar etter at de er blitt bosatt for første gang i en norsk kommune. I første del analyseres materiale fra intervjuer med et mindre antall flyktninger fra Irak og Somalia. I rapportens andre del behandles registerdata om alle flyktninger fra disse to landene som kom til Norge i 2000 og 2001, samt tilsvarende data for alle som kom fra Afghanistan, Serbia/Montenegro og Iran i de samme to årene.Ni av ti flyktninger som kom til Norge i disse årene, har flyttet fra sin opprinnelige bolig, og svært mye av flyttingene skjer til sentrale kommuner på Østlandet. De kvalitative intervjuene viser et sterkt ønske om å komme til en kommune der det fra før bor mange fra samme land. Det gir tilknytning til nettverk som oppfattes som viktige, både for muligheten for å få jobb og bolig.

Main objectives of Sawe project are to bring researchers to the public, increase awareness of researcher’s profession, an important role in society and the impact of their work on our safe daily live with special attention to inspire the young to embark science careers. Sawe activities will bring closer to the public, especially to youngster, also the human, caring face of scientists with sense for humor and fun. For that purpose, we will implement awareness campaign with pre-events, “Stand-up Science” in 2018, 2019 and public-call for (pre)schoolchildren. On the last September, Fridays in 2018 (att. Cultural Heritage) and 2019 ERN will be organized with renewed programs in the festive and fun atmosphere. All Sawe events program activities aim at offering the public at large especially the young an opportunity to cooperate and socialize with researchers in a relaxed atmosphere. They include experiments, presentations, astronomy observations, workshops, researchers’ rock bands performed by researchers and students. Rawe ERN events will take place in Ljutomer, Maribor, Brežice, Koper, and Izola. Traditional cooperation of the primary and secondary schools’ winning teams of research and innovative projects in the frame of Youth for Maribor Progress (financed by Maribor Municipality) enable most promising youngsters to inspire their fellows and connect with the real scientists. The »European corners« will be in the heart of every RN location: Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellows' witnesses, information how one can become a researcher, EC’s various actions, programs, actions (incl. HRS4R, RESAVER) to present how EU cares about its researchers. Finally, yet importantly, the impact assessment includes pre-study and research prior and after events using a paper-pencil method. The impact assessment foresees intercultural comparison of results after using the same methodology as selected ERN leading partners: Prona-Montenegro, the Maastricht University and the University of Latvia.

'More than a decade ago, Lisbon Strategy highlighted the importance of investing in R&D as crucial factor of social development. Nowadays, though, in a period of economic instability, the investment in Research and Innovation is even more required and has been proposed as a reliable solution to major societal challenges. EU Member States renewed their commitments towards an Innovation Union by 2020. To this end, WeB-InUnion proposal will contribute in realising three of the Innovation Union (IU) commitments in the Western Balkan region so as to be an example of successful regional collaboration towards European integration. Specifically, nine (6 partners \ 3 associated partners) Western Balkan EURAXESS member organisations with different experiences and expertise will seek to promote Commitments #1, #4 and #30 of the IU flagship in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, FYRoMacedonia, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia. Commitment #1 will be implemented by promoting the C&C principles and bringing research organisations closer to Human Resources Strategies respecting the C&C principles. Commitment #4 will be achieved by exploring the current situation on mobility issues in the region and preparing recommendations to stakeholders. Special emphasis will be given on the promotion of the EURAXESS Jobs portal as a tool to establish open recruitment practices. Finally, commitment #30 will be achieved by initiating or maintaining a dialogue with Diaspora researchers, investigating possible motives for their return in Europe and proposing relevant recommendations at national policy makers. In parallel with the above mentioned actions, the consortium, through its promotional activities, aims at adding value to the EURAXESS initiative by raising awareness of its services. The successful collaboration of the project’s partners is likely to set an example to other European regions that, if followed, could lead to a European-wide implementation of the Innovation Union’s commitments.'

Following entering into force of the EU legislative acts on demography statistics, the demographic data at regional level are annually collected from 36 countries in the frame of the UNIDEMO that is the main demographic data collection of Eurostat in the domains of demography and migration. As the most extended annual Eurostat demographic data collection, UNIDEMO (acronym from Unified Demography) collects data on population stocks, vital events (live births and deaths), marriages, divorces and migration flows at national and regional levels by various breakdowns. The statistics corresponding to the reference year T shall be transmitted by countries to Eurostat by the deadline of 31 December of the calendar T+1, and will be disseminated during March of the calendar year T+2. Demographic data at regional level include statistics on population stocks at the end on the calendar year and on vital events (live births and deaths) occurred along the year being territorially disaggregated by NUTS 2 and 3 levels, in accordance with the following EU legal acts: - Article 3 of the Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics and its implementing measures stated in the Regulation (EU) No 205/2014; - Regulation (EU) 868/2014 which is the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, abbreviated as NUTS. The current classification known as NUTS-2013 subdivides the territory of the European Union into 98 regions at NUTS level 1, 276 at NUTS level 2 and 1342 at NUTS level 3. The NUTS is the official division of the EU for regional statistics. - For Candidate and EFTA countries the data are collected according to the agreed statistical regions that have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS. The current Candidate Countries for which data at regional level are collected are Montenegro, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Turkey. Demographic data breakdown collected at regional level according to the above EU legal acts vary according to the NUTS level. The following statistics are available: Table codeDescription demo_r_gind3Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at regional level (NUTS 3) 

While the proportion of Luxembourgish nationals among the resident working population was above 50.3% in 2015, it dropped below 50% in the first quarter of 2017. Some 44% of the working population were EU28 nationals and 6% non-EU nationals. Luxembourg’s economy is reliant on its employment of cross-border workers. In 2016, French nationals maintained and increased their proportion of over 50% of the cross-border working population, reaching 51.4% in Q1 2017, at the expense of both Belgian (24.4%) and German (24.2%) cross-border workers. They mainly work in sectors such as construction, administrative/support service, accommodation/food service, as well as in the financial/insurance sector or professional, scientific and technical activities. Between 2010 and 2017, the number of foreign salaried workers showed the greatest continuous increase in sectors such as professional, scientific and technical activities, administrative and support services, and financial and insurance services. Regarding specific permits, nationals of China (119 permits), India (70 permits) and Montenegro (40 permits) accounted for 31% of all first issues of residence permits for salaried workers. Indian nationals were the single largest nationality group receiving their first issue of EU Blue Cards, with 90 issued during 2016. This was followed by US nationals (58 permits) and Russian nationals (36 permits). After reaching a peak in 2015, the number of applications for international protection slightly decreased in 2016, from 2447 in 2015 to 2035 in 2016 (decrease of 16.8%). Even if the trend slowed down, it remains higher than the levels of 2013-2015. Syrian nationals remain the first nationality of applicants for international protection (14.3%), Iraqi nationals dropping to 4th place (7.9%) after Albanian nationals (11.2%) and Kosovars (10.2%). Luxembourg remains the Member State hosting the 4th highest number of applicants for international protection applicants in relation to the national population. The international protection recognition rate increased from 228 (200 refugee status and 28 subsidiary protection) in 2015 to 790 (764 refugee status and 26 subsidiary protection) in 2016. This represents an increase of 246.5% of positive decisions year-on-year. Luxembourg continues to demonstrate its solidarity in respect of the relocation and resettlement of international protection applicants. In 2015, Luxembourg pledged to relocate 557 individuals to Luxembourg in the framework of the EU Council decision to relocate 160,000 international protection applicants from Greece and Italy. Within this framework, 197 refugees had been relocated by the end of 2016. From January 2017 to 18 August 2017, Luxembourg relocated 186 people. With regards to resettlement, 52 refugees were resettled from Turkey in 2016 as a result of Luxembourg’s pledge to resettle 194 refugees from Turkey in the context of the EU-Turkey agreement of March 2016. 115 people were resettled between 1st January 2017 and 18th August 2017. New pieces of legislation were enacted during 2016/2017 to assist with the specific migration situation in Luxembourg. Major policy developments related to the implementation of changes to asylum legislation and procedures, education and language reform, and revised integration measures in response to changing migration profiles within Luxembourg. A focus on economic migration took place to promote economic diversification, start-ups and the repositioning of the financial centre.

The MACIMIDE Global Expatriate Dual Citizenship Dataset charts the rules that existed in near all states of the world since 1960 with regard to the loss or renunciation of citizenship after a citizen of a respective state voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another state. The central variable of the Dataset is the dualcit_cat variable. This is a categorical variable whose values may be used to interpret, in broad lines, the position of a country with regards to the expatriate dual citizenship. The dualcit_cat variable reflects what consequences the legislation and legal practice of a country attaches to the voluntary acquisition of a foreign citizenship. The value of this variable depends on a number of criteria, including whether a citizen of the reference country who voluntarily obtains a foreign citizenship automatically loses – in principle – the citizenship of the origin country, and whether a citizen of the reference country can renounce that citizenship. The value assigned to dualcit_cat reflects the position of the country on the 1st of January of the reference year. Any subsequent changes in legislation will be reflected in the dualcit_cat value of the following year and included in updated versions of the Dataset. The dualcit_binary variable is a recoding of the dualcit_cat variable. This variable can be used for broad comparisons of the dual citizenship positions around the world. The possible values reflect whether the legislation of a country, in a given reference year, provides for the automatic loss of the origin citizenship (1) or not (2). All data have been centrally collected and refer to specific provisions in national law.

CITLAW indicators address citizenship laws (acquisition and loss of citizenship) in Europe. Basic indicator scores are calculated on the basis of a list of substantive and procedural requirements for each mode of acquisition or loss using both additive and weighting formulas. CITLAW indicators are also aggregated at different levels in order to analyse more general features of citizenship laws. The 6 highest level CITLAW indicators that are calculated using all 45 basic indicators are: ius sanguinis, ius soli, residence-based ordinary naturalisation, naturalisation on specific grounds, voluntary renunciation and withdrawal/lapse. CITLAW indicators have been calculated for 42 European states for 2011 and 2016. Coding of CITLAW indicators is based on an assessment of legal provisions in national citizenship laws.

Since the mid-1970s, the World Population Policies Database, last updated in 2015, provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on the population policy situation and trends for all Member States and non-member States of the United Nations. Among several areas, the database shows the evolution of government views and policies with respect to internal and international migration. The migration strand covers internal migration, immigration, emigration, and return. The Database is updated biennially by conducting a detailed country-by-country review of national plans and strategies, programme reports, legislative documents, official statements and various international, Inter-governmental and non-governmental sources, as well as by using official responses to the United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development.

EUDO Citizenship Implementation Indicators measure on a 0 to 1 scale the formal aspects of naturalisation procedures: promotion activities, documentation requirements, administrative discretion, bureaucratic procedures, and review and appeal options. CITIMP indicators allow for comparisons of the specific steps in the procedure across countries. CITIMP indicators have been calculated for 35 European states, as well as for three German federal provinces. CITIMP indicators are an output of the research project 'Access to Citizenship and its Impact on Immigrant Integration (ACIT). = The project was financially supported by the European Fund for the Integration of Third Country Nationals, administered by DG Home Affairs. CITIMP indicators were computed on the grounds of self-collected information: questionnaires on implementation of citizenship policies were filled out by country experts.

The Inquiry gathers critically important data for monitoring the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and other international agreements, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Inquiry, mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 1838 (XVII) of 18 December 1962, has been conducted by the Secretary-General at regular intervals since 1963. The Twelfth Inquiry consists of multiple-choice questions, organized in three thematic modules: Module I on population ageing and urbanization; Module II on fertility, family planning and reproductive health; and Module III on international migration. In 1994, Member States attending the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo agreed that “population-related goals and policies are integral parts of cultural, economic and social development” and recommended that actions be taken “to measure, assess, monitor and evaluate progress towards meeting the goals of its Programme of Action”. The year 2019 will mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Cairo conference and adoption of the ICPD Programme of Action, which continues to provide crucial guidance for addressing the fundamental development challenges facing the world today. Population issues are also at the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in 2015. The United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development (the “Inquiry”) gathers critically important data for monitoring the implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action and other international agreements, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Inquiry, mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 1838 (XVII) of 18 December 1962, has been conducted by the Secretary-General at regular intervals since 1963. The most recent Inquiry, the Eleventh, was implemented in 2014.

The index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. The author identifies country pairs which changed their visa regime during 1998–2010. This immigration policy index is constructed for all countries and territories in the world for both March 1998 and November 2009. This index is heterogeneous across destination and origin countries as well as over time.

Based on review of documentary sources on state-emigrant relations, the dataset reviews how 64 states relate to their diasporas. It shows how states constitute various extra-territorial groups as members of a loyal diaspora, through a diverse range of institutions and practices. Three higher-level types of diaspora engagement policy are identified: 1 - capacity building policies, aimed at discursively producing a state-centric ‘transnational national society’, and developing a set of corresponding state institution; 2 - extending rights to the diaspora, thus playing a role that befits a legitimate sovereign, and 3 - extracting obligations from the diaspora, based on the premise that emigrants owe loyalty to this legitimate sovereign.