Schutzregime für nicht anerkannte Flüchtlinge

Diese Kategorie versammellt Untersuchungen zu Richtlinien, Gesetzen, Verfahren, Vorschriften oder Maßnahmen in Bezug auf nicht anerkannte Flüchtlinge. Es bezieht sich auf den Schutz und die Rechte von AsylbewerberInnen, denen nicht der Status eines Flüchtlings zuerkannt worden ist. Thematisiert werden gescheiterte Asylanträge und abgelehnte AsylbewerberInnen. Andere Arten des Schutzes, die Personen gewährt werden können, die nicht als Flüchtlinge anerkannt wurden, sind (gemäß den nationalen Rechtsvorschriften) vorübergehender, humanitärer oder subsidiärer Schutz.

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Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Post-return Monitoring - A Missing Link in the International Protection of Refugees?

Authors Jari Pirjola
Year 2019
Journal Name REFUGEE SURVEY QUARTERLY
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1 Journal Article

Returning Rejected Asylum Seekers: Challenges and good practices – Luxembourg

Authors Linda Dionisio, Noemi Marcus, Adolfo Sommarribas, ...
Description
The issue of non-return of rejected international protection applicants does not enjoy a high political profile on its own, but has been discussed as part of a global debate on asylum. Significant efforts are required when considering the wide spectrum of possible reasons of non-return, some reasons depending on the countries of destination, others on the returnee himself/herself. In this respect, reasons of non return range from the non-respect of deadlines, the issuance of travel documents, postponement of removal for external reasons to the returnee, for medical reasons, the resistance of the third-country national and the lack of diplomatic representation of Luxembourg, to name but a few. In regards to the procedure, in Luxembourg the rejection of the international protection application includes the return decision. The Minister in charge of Immigration, through the Directorate of Immigration, issues this decision. The return decision only becomes enforceable when all appeals are exhausted and the final negative decision of rejection of the competent judicial authority enters into force, as appeals have suspensive effects. This decision also sets out the timeframe during which the rejected international protection applicant has to leave the country. In case the applicant does not opt for a voluntary return, the decision will also include the country to which s/he will be sent. In general, the decision provides for a period of 30 days during which the applicant has the option to leave voluntarily and to benefit from financial support in case of assisted voluntary return through the International Organization for Migration (IOM). There are two exceptions to this rule: the applicant who is considered a threat to national security, public safety or homeland security and the applicant who has already been issued a return decision before. The declaration and documentation provided during the procedure of international protection can be used to facilitate return. Subsequent applications are possible, in particular if new evidence of facts appears resulting in an increased likelihood of the applicant to qualify for international protection. For rejected international protection applicants who did not opt for voluntary return and did not receive any postponement of removals, a certain (limited) support is available while waiting for the execution of the enforceable return decision. As such, they continue to stay in reception facilities and to receive certain social benefits unless they transgress any internal rules. If an urgent need exists, rejected applicants may be granted a humanitarian social aid. However, they are not entitled to access the labour market or to receive ‘pocket money’ or the free use of transport facilities. They benefit from an access to education and training, however this access cannot constitute a possible reason for non-return. These benefits are available to rejected applicants until the moment of their removal. In order to enforce the return decision and prevent absconding, the Minister may place the rejected international applicant in the detention centre, especially if s/he is deemed to be obstructing their own return. Other possible measures include house arrest, regular reporting surrendering her/his passport or depositing a financial guarantee of 5000€. Most of these alternatives to detention were introduced with the Law of 18 December 2015 which entered into force on 1st January 2016. As a consequence, detention remains the main measure used to enforce return decisions. A number of challenges to return and measures to curb them are detailed in this study. A part of these measures have been set up to minimize the resistance to return from the returnee. First and foremost is the advocacy of the AVRR programme and the dissemination of information relating to this programme but also the establishment of a specific return programme to West Balkan countries not subject to visa requirements. Other measures aim at facilitating the execution of forced returns, such as police escorts or the placement in the detention centre. Finally, significant efforts are directed towards increasing bilateral cooperation and a constant commitment to the conclusion of readmission agreements. No special measures were introduced after 2014 in response to the exceptional flows of international protection applicants arriving in the EU. While the Return service within the Directorate of Immigration has continued to expand its participation to European Networks and in various transnational projects in matters of return, this participation was already set into motion prior to the exceptional flows of 2014. As for effective measures curbing challenges to return, this study brings to light the AVRR programme but especially the separate return programme for returnees from West Balkan countries exempt of visa requirements. The dissemination of information on voluntary return is also considered an effective policy measure, the information being made available from the very start of the international protection application. Among the cases where return is not immediately possible, a considerable distinction has to be made in regards to the reasons for the non-return. Indeed, in cases where the delay is due to the medical condition of the returnee or to material and technical reasons that are external to the returnee, a postponement of removal will be granted. This postponement allows for the rejected applicant to remain on the territory on a temporary basis, without being authorized to reside and may be accompanied by a measure of house arrest or other. In cases of postponement for medical reasons and of subsequent renewals bringing the total length of postponement over two years, the rejected applicant may apply for a residence permit for private reasons based on humanitarian grounds of exceptional seriousness. Nevertheless, apart from this exception, no official status is granted to individuals who cannot immediately be returned. Several measures of support are available to beneficiaries of postponement to removal: they have access to accommodation in the reception centres they were housed in during their procedure, they may be attributed humanitarian aid, they continue to be affiliated at the National Health Fund, they continue to have access to education and professional training and they are allowed to work through a temporary work authorization. The temporary work authorization is only valid for a single profession and a single employer for the duration of the postponement to removal, although this is an extremely rare occurrence in practice. OLAI may allocate a humanitarian aid might be allocated if the individual was already assisted by OLAI during the procedure of her/his international protection application. All of these measures apply until the moment of return. The study also puts forth a number of best practices such as the Croix-Rouge’s involvement in police trainings, their offer of punctual support to vulnerable people through international networking or the socio-psychological support given to vulnerable people placed in the detention centre among others. A special regard has to be given to AVRR programmes and their pre-departure information and counselling, the dissemination of information and the post-arrival support and reintegration assistance. Indeed, stakeholders singled the AVRR programme out as a best practice and the Luxembourgish government has made voluntary return a policy priority for a long time. However, this increased interest in voluntary returns has to be put into perspective as research shows that sustainable success of voluntary return and reintegration measures is only achieved for a very restricted number of beneficiaries (namely for young, autonomous and dynamic returnees with sizeable social networks and who were granted substantial social capital upon return). Hence, returning women remains a sensitive issue, especially if they were fleeing abusive relationships. Another factor contributing to hardship set forth by research is the difficult reintegration of returnees that have lived outside of their country of return for a prolonged period of time and are therefore unable to rely on social networks for support or for a sense of belonging. Based on these considerations, NGOs and academia cast doubts on the ‘voluntary’ nature of these return programmes, their criticism targeting the misleading labelling of these policy measures.
Year 2016
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2 Report

Who Ought to Stay? Asylum Policy and Protest Culture in Switzerland

Authors Dina Bader
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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3 Book Chapter

Asylum Policies and Protests in Austria

Authors Verena Stern, Nina Merhaut
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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4 Book Chapter

Political Protest in Asylum and Deportation. An Introduction

Authors Sieglinde Rosenberger
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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5 Book Chapter

Return Procedures Applicable to Rejected Asylum-Seekers in the European Union and Options for their Regularisation

Authors Grega Strban, Primoz Rataj, Zlatko Sabic, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name Refugee Survey Quarterly
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8 Journal Article

Living Liminality. Ethnological insights into the life situation of non-deportable refugees in Malta

Authors Sarah Nimfuehr
Year 2016
Journal Name OSTERREICHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR VOLKSKUNDE
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10 Journal Article

When refugees stopped being migrants: Movement, labour and humanitarian protection

Authors K. Long, Katy Long
Year 2013
Journal Name Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 31
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11 Journal Article

Rejected Asylum Seekers: The Problem of Return

Authors Gregor Noll
Year 1999
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 17
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12 Journal Article

Partei ergreifen: Protest gegen die Abschiebung von AsylbewerberInnen. Ein Vergleich zwischen Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz

Principal investigator Helen Schwenken (Principal Investigator), Sieglinde Rosenberger (Principal Investigator), Gianni d'Amato (Principal Investigator)
Description
"The project explores protest against the deportation of rejected asylum seekers in Austria, Switzerland and Germany. Deportation has become a central element of immigration control, particularly of asylum seekers whose application has been rejected. At the same time, it can be seen as contradicting the intention of human rights obligations for individuals in need of protection, which raises normative questions related to justice and universal norms vis-à-vis state sovereignty and policy implementation adopted by lawful means. This tension is reflected by the fact that certain sections of the population and the public have become sensitive towards the forcible expulsion of non-citizens from the state territory. Such feelings of unease and moral outrage manifest themselves in various forms of protest that are directed against the most coercive measure a sovereign state can take. The central aim of the project is to explore and explain the goals, form and degree of diverse anti-deportation protest activities across countries and time (1995-2010). In particular, the project seeks to answer the following research questions: 1.What shapes the trajectories of protest against the deportation of asylum seekers and what is characteristic and even distinct about anti-deportation protest? 2. How can we explain variation in the goals, forms, and degree of anti-deportation protest, both across countries and over time? The project develops an innovative and integrated perspective by combining different theoretical approaches (political opportunity structure approach and resource mobilization perspective) and considering emotional processes into the analysis. Empirically, the study will be based on newspaper articles about deportation, protest material produced by protest groups and interviews with protesters. In methodological terms, the project combines quantitative and qualitative text analysis with a series of in-depth case studies on individual deportation cases that triggered protest. The project will make an important contribution to the literature on migration and social movements. More specifically, we will assess (a) the role of structural factors vis-à-vis agency and resources and (b) the motivational and strategic functions that emotions play in protest. "
Year 2013
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13 Project

Social protection of non-removable rejected asylum-seekers in the EU

Authors Paul Schoukens, Siemen Buttiens
Year 2017
Journal Name European Journal of Social Security
Citations (WoS) 3
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14 Journal Article

The European Union and the Challenges of Forced Migration: From Economic Crisis to Protection Crisis?

Authors Vincent CHETAIL, Céline BAULOZ
Description
The current economic crisis occurs at a turning point of the EU asylum policy. After a frenetic phase leading up to the adoption of numerous EU directives and regulations, the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) has now entered a second phase of consolidation of the asylum acquis. This new impulse paves the way for a re-assessment of the whole CEAS with a view to ensuring a genuine common asylum policy. Against such a background, it is timely to consider whether the EU has developed the appropriate means to achieving harmonization. Indeed, all stakeholders are aware that the CEAS is losing edge, revealing its limits, not only in terms of refugee protection, but also as regards its capacity for properly fulfilling its main objective: the establishment of a truly common asylum system. However, the recurrent temptation to tighten migration controls in times of recession inevitably begs the question of its impact on the current consolidating phase of the EU asylum policy. In the midst of this reflective period, the present Report aims at reassessing the CEAS through a critical overview of its four main strategic pillars: preventing access to EU territory;  combating ‘asylum-shopping’;  criminalizing failed asylum-seekers and enforcing their return;  promoting the integration of refugees duly recognized as such. This four-pronged strategy has proved instrumental in alleviating asylum pressure in the last decade and will probably be even more in the wake of the current recession. The most pressing challenge is that of preventing the economic crisis from transforming into a protection crisis at the expense of refugee rights.
Year 2011
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15 Report

Protests Revisited: Political Configurations, Political Culture and Protest Impact

Authors Helen Schwenken, Gianni D’Amato
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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16 Book Chapter

Flights of Shame or Dignified Return? Return Flights and Post-return Monitoring

Authors Jari Pirjola
Year 2015
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
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17 Journal Article

‘I don’t have a life to live’: deaths and UK detention

Authors Harmit Athwal, H Athwal
Year 2015
Journal Name Race & Class
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18 Journal Article

Accelerated removals: the human cost of EU deportation policies

Authors Liz Fekete
Year 2011
Journal Name Race & Class
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19 Journal Article

Secundaire migratie van asielzoekers in de EU

Authors The Dutch Advisory Committee on Migration Affairs (Asviescommissie voor Vremdelingenzaken, ACVZ), Koos Richelle, Minze Beuving, ...
Description
Asielzoekers die de EU op irreguliere wijze inreizen, blijven vaak niet in de lidstaat waar zij aankomen. Doormigratie van asielzoekers in de EU is niet helemaal te voorkomen, maar kan wel beter worden aangepakt. De Adviescommissie voor Vreemdelingenzaken adviseert daarom een bredere aanpak in EU-verband. Het aantal asielzoekers dat na aankomst in de EU doorreist naar een andere lidstaat is de laatste jaren sterk toegenomen, terwijl het aantal asielaanvragen in de EU sinds 2016 weer op het niveau van 2014 ligt. Tijdens de ‘vluchtelingencrisis’ in 2015 reisden de meeste asielzoekers door van Zuid- naar Noord- en van Oost- naar West-Europa. Sinds 2016 vindt er juist meer ‘secundaire migratie’ van asielzoekers plaats tussen de Noordwest-Europese lidstaten. Doormigratie van asielzoekers in de EU zet de asiel- en opvangstelsels van de lidstaten onder druk, tast de solidariteit tussen lidstaten aan, ondermijnt het maatschappelijk draagvlak voor migratie, houdt mensensmokkelnetwerken in stand en kan tot langdurige verblijfsonzekerheid en verdere uitzichtloosheid voor asielmigranten leiden. Lidstaten proberen het doorreizen van asielzoekers onder meer tegen te gaan door: 1) Het herinvoeren of intensiveren van grenscontroles; 2) Meer toezicht op vreemdelingen; 3) Het versoberen van de opvang; 4) het invoeren van verblijfsrechtelijke beperkingen; 5) Het toepassen van vreemdelingenbewaring (waar mogelijk). Nationale beleidsaanscherpingen kunnen asielzoekers afschrikken, maar dat leidt tot meer doormigratie naar andere lidstaten. Voor de EU als geheel is dat dus geen oplossing. De implementatie van de EU-Turkije verklaring en het sluiten van de Balkanroute hebben geleid tot een vermindering van het aantal asielzoekers dat direct na aankomst in de EU doorreist. Tegenwoordig reizen vooral asielzoekers door die ergens nog een asielaanvraag hebben openstaan of van wie de aanvraag is afgewezen. Het Dublin-systeem, dat is ingevoerd om te bepalen welke lidstaat verantwoordelijk is voor het behandelen van een asielaanvraag, werkt niet goed om het doorreizen van asielzoekers tegen te gaan. Met name de omgang met evident kansarme aanvragen van asielzoekers uit veilige landen van herkomst vormt een probleem. Ook lukt het niet goed om afgewezen asielzoekers terug te sturen naar hun land van herkomst. Doormigratie van asielzoekers in de EU kan effectiever worden tegengegaan door: 1) een overtuigende aanpak van de grondoorzaken van asielmigratie, zowel buiten als binnen de EU; 2) Positieve prikkels te introduceren voor zowel asielzoekers als lidstaten om zich aan de regels te houden. Zorg voor een verschillende behandeling van asielzoekers die al sociale, economische of culturele banden met lidstaten hebben, die afkomstig zijn uit veilige landen van herkomst en die evident kansarme aanvragen indienen en die niet onder de eerste twee groepen vallen; 3) Door onder meer in de relaties met landen van herkomst niet eenzijdig te focussen op het tegengaan van irreguliere migratie.
Year 2019
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20 Report

Nowhere to run: Iraqi asylum seekers in the UK

Authors Helen Hintjens
Year 2012
Journal Name Race & Class
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21 Journal Article

Det riktige valget? Motivasjon og beslutningsprosess når avviste asylsøkere velger frivillig retur

Authors Cecilie Øien, Synnøve Bendixen
Description
Denne studien belyser hvilke forhold som motiverer personer med utreiseplikt til å velge frivillig retur framfor å bli i Norge uten lovlig opphold. Retur av personer med endelig avslag på asylsøknad eller som av andre grunner ikke har lovlig opphold, er et uttalt politisk mål i Norge og mange EU-land. Vi utdyper hvor kompleks beslutningsprosessen med hensyn til å velge frivillig retur er. Ordningen med frivillig retur opplevdes som obligatorisk av respondentene, mens den kalles frivillig av myndighetene. Å dra med program for frivillig retur eller å avvente tvangsretur ble sett på som de eneste mulige alternativene til det å leve utenfor samfunnet, og uten formelle rettigheter som irregulær migrant i Norge. «Frivillig retur» ble derfor lite beskrivende for deres opplevelse av situasjonen. For dem vi intervjuet, handlet beslutningsprosessen om å foreta det valget som var best for dem selv og eventuelt for deres barn.
Year 2012
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22 Report

Comparative overview of national protection statuses in the EU and Norway (Country report Luxembourg)

Authors Adolfo Sommarribas, Ralph Petry, Birte Nienaber
Description
Luxembourg has integrated in the protection system the European legal framework on protection. However, besides the international protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection status) and the temporary protection statuses, the Luxembourgish legal system foresees two humanitarian statuses which are: a) residence permit for private reasons based on serious humanitarian grounds; b) the postponement of removal based on medical reasons. In regard to the latter, there are the following steps: 1) the postponement of removal can be granted and renewed for up to 24 months; 2) after 2 years, if the medical condition persists, an authorisation of stay for medical reasons may be granted and a residence permit for private reasons may be issued. However, it is important to stress at this point that the Luxembourgish authorities do not consider the two aforementioned residence permits issued according to articles 78 (3) and 131 (2) of the Immigration Law as “protection statuses” as such, but precisely as residence permits issued to the applicant. The granting of these two “protection statuses” are based on the discretionary power of the Minister in charge of Immigration and Asylum. The residence permit for private reasons based on humanitarian grounds (Status A of this report) allows for the Minister to grant an authorisation to stay in the country to an irregular migrant if s/he is in in need to stay based on humanitarian reasons of exceptional circumstances. There is not an exhaustive list of reasons on which the Minister can base his/her decision. However, there is an exhaustive analysis of the reasons advance by the applicant. Any third country national irregularly staying on the territory can apply for this residence permit. However, in the case of rejected asylum seekers, the application will be rejected if the applicant advances the same reasons that s/he advanced during the international protection procedure. On the contrary, the residence permit for medical reasons requires that, in the first stage, the applicant had received a return decision and an order to leave the territory. In order to obtain the residence permit, he/she has to obtain first a decision for a postponement of removal for medical reasons that has to be renewed for two years before the applicant can file the application for the residence permit based on medical reasons. This residence permit is not granted automatically and if the applicant does not file his/her application after expiration of the postponement of removal for medical reasons after two years, s/he will be precluded and the return decision will be executed, except if s/he proves that s/he cannot be returned for medical reasons. In this case, the entire procedure will have to start again.
Year 2019
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23 Report

Governance, Forced Migration and Welfare

Authors Peter Dwyer, P Dwyer
Year 2005
Journal Name Social Policy & Administration
Citations (WoS) 17
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25 Journal Article

‘Starve them out’: does every child really matter? A commentary on Section 9 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act, 2004

Authors S Cunningham, Steve Cunningham, Jo Tomlinson, ...
Year 2005
Journal Name Critical Social Policy
Citations (WoS) 16
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26 Journal Article

Irregular Migration – The Case of Egypt

Authors Tarek BADAWY
Description
Egypt hosts thousands of foreign nationals, a small percentage of whom are considered regular migrants or recognized refugees. This paper will outline the different legal tools that bind non-Egyptians and explore the problems that irregular migrant, including failed asylum-seekers face. It will also explain how the Minister of the Interior has absolute powers with regards to naturalization and deportations and propose an alternative mechanism that is fairer and more compliant with modern human rights standards.
Year 2008
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27 Report

REJECTED ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN NORWAY, RETURN CENTRES AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS PROMOTING RETURN

Authors Marko Valenta, Kristin Thorshaug
Year 2011
Journal Name TIDSSKRIFT FOR SAMFUNNSFORSKNING
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28 Journal Article

Deportation, detention and foreign-national prisoners in England and Wales

Authors Mary Bosworth
Year 2011
Journal Name Citizenship Studies
Citations (WoS) 59
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29 Journal Article

Britain and Algeria: Problems of Return

Authors George JOFFÉ
Description
Britain is not an obvious country to which Algerians migrate, although the crisis of the Algerian civil war in the 1990s was to make it an alternative to continental Europe, especially France. From 45 in 1991, asylum applications peaked in 1995 at 1,865 persons and then ran at a consistently high level up to 2002. They are now in steep decline. Return of Algerian asylum-seekers has not followed a similar pattern, however, and many Algerians in Britain are illegally here. In fact, they have ranged between 85 (1998) and 220 (2005) a year, with no figures being available for 1999 and 2000. The British government admits that the efficacy of its return policy has been very limited, although domestic pressure has led to a much more concerted effort to return failed asylum seekers in recent years. However, the bare statistics must be seen against the growth of British security policies since 2001 and particularly since 2005. Fears of terrorism in Britain linked to the Algerian community here have led to a disproportionate arrest rate amongst Algerians, particularly in the ricin trial, the indefinite detention of Algerians on suspicion of involvement in terrorism without trial, agreements about mutual extradition, memoranda of understanding over the return of Algerians allegedly involved in terrorist activities and much closer cooperation between British and Algerian security services. This securitisation process has made the return of Algerians to Algeria much more problematic and has brought into question the British government’s commitment to its obligations within the European Union.
Year 2007
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30 Report

The deportation machine: Europe, asylum and human rights

Authors Liz Fekete
Year 2005
Journal Name Race & Class
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31 Journal Article

Living in Fear: Rejected Asylum Seekers Living as Irregular Migrants in England

Authors Alice Bloch, A Bloch
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 13
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32 Journal Article

The Ambivalent U.S. Context of Reception and the Dichotomous Legal Consciousness of Unaccompanied Minors

Authors Chiara Galli
Year 2020
Journal Name Social Problems
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33 Journal Article

Access to Maternity Care for ‘Failed’ Asylum Seekers

Authors Anna Gaudion, Jenny McLeish, Claire Homeyard
Year 2006
Journal Name International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care
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34 Journal Article

Expulsion of failed asylum seeker suffering from AIDS

Authors
Year 2005
Journal Name JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
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35 Journal Article

Integration of beneficiaries of international/humanitarian protection into the labour market: Policies and good practices – Luxembourg

Authors David Petry, Adolfo Sommarribas, Birte Nienaber
Description
In Luxembourgish legislation the term “international protection” includes both refugee status and subsidiary protection status. Integration of beneficiaries of international protection into the Luxembourgish labour market might appear quite unproblematic at first glance. From a legal point of view, the access is indeed very much open to both beneficiaries of international protection as well as beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. As from 2006 onwards, the legislator proceeded with an approximation of both statuses, providing the same rights to both types of beneficiaries of international protection. As soon as the applicants are granted international protection they are authorised to engage in employed or self-employed activities under the same conditions as Luxembourgish nationals, with the exceptionof civil servant jobs. This is also true for most of the support measures that aim to advance or enhance the access to employment, whether on the level of education, vocational training, language learning, recognition of diploma, counselling, social aid or access to housing. In each of those areas, the beneficiaries of international may in principle benefit from equivalent access as provided to other migrants, third-countrynationals or Luxembourgish nationals. Yet, the reality on the ground seldom matches the aims of the legislative framework. Effective access to the labour market remains a significant challenge for beneficiaries of international protection in order to fully integrate in Luxembourgish society. The linguistic regime as well as the high demands in terms of language requirements constitute a first major hurdle, both at the level of education/vocational training and the labour market. Rather than being able to immediately access the regular education system, respectively the labour market, refugees must first engage in a learning process sometimes coupled with administrative procedures (i.e. recognition of diplomas) that may significantly slow down the integration process. The transition period that begins once the applicant is granted international protection status appears to be particularly challenging. Indeed, several measures from which the applicants for international protection benefited during the procedure will no longer be available once they are granted the status. Thus, social aid, including housing, provided to international protection seekers will no longer be applicable to refugees. Even though national authorities have implemented several specific targeted measures in order to facilitate the transition period (i.e. progressive financial contribution to accommodation costs), it remains a phase of instability and uncertainty for the refugees and their families. This also stresses the need for employment-related support measures, which in Luxembourg are implemented in a more general integration framework. Thus, most of the support measures that exist for beneficiaries of international protection are not tailored to them in particular, but they are also open to other types of migrants or foreigners living in Luxembourg.
Year 2016
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37 Report

Bordering through recalibration: Exploring the temporality of the German “Ausbildungsduldung”

Authors Kari Anne Drangsland
Year 2020
Journal Name Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space
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38 Journal Article

The long-term impact of employment bans on the economic integration of refugees

Authors
Year 2018
Journal Name SCIENCE ADVANCES
Citations (WoS) 3
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39 Journal Article

The removal of failed asylum seekers international norms and procedures

Authors John Gibson, UNHCR. Policy Development and Evaluation Service
Year 2007
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40 Report

Humanitarian Bottom League? Sweden and the Right to Health for Undocumented Migrants

Authors Shannon Alexander, Shannon Alexander
Year 2010
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
Citations (WoS) 11
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41 Journal Article

Return Schemes from European Countries: Assessing the Challenges

Authors Giulia Scalettaris, Flore Gubert
Year 2019
Journal Name International Migration
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42 Journal Article

Introduction

Authors Julia Dahlvik
Book Title Inside Asylum Bureaucracy: Organizing Refugee Status Determination in Austria
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43 Book Chapter

Failed Asylum-Seekers' Responses to Arrangements Promoting Return: Experiences from Norway

Authors M. Valenta, K. Thorshaug
Year 2011
Journal Name Refugee Survey Quarterly
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44 Journal Article

Deserving Shelter: Conditional Access to Accommodation for Rejected Asylum Seekers in Austria, the Netherlands, and Sweden

Authors Ilker Atac
Year 2019
Journal Name JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT & REFUGEE STUDIES
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45 Journal Article

‘Knocking on doors that never open’: examining discourses of rejected asylum seekers from Kosova

Authors Kaltrina Kusari
Year 2019
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
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46 Journal Article

Beyond the Law: Power, Discretion, and Bureaucracy in the Management of Asylum Space in Thailand

Authors A. Saltsman, Adam Saltsman
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Refugee Studies
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47 Journal Article

How voluntary are voluntary returns?

Authors Frances Webber
Year 2011
Journal Name Race & Class
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48 Journal Article

“We Belong Together!” Collective Anti-deportation Protests in Osnabrück

Authors Maren Kirchhoff, Sophie Hinger, Ricarda Wiese
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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50 Book Chapter

Rejected Asylum Seekers from Kosova: A Social Work Critique of Repatriation as a Durable Solution

Authors Kaltrina Kusari, Christine A. Walsh
Year 2019
Journal Name The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies
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51 Journal Article

Gastarbeiter Migration Revisited: Consolidating Germany’s Position as an Immigration Country

Authors Jutta Höhne, Amanda Klekowski von Koppenfels
Book Title South-North Migration of EU Citizens in Times of Crisis
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52 Book Chapter

Transfer Back to Malta: Refugees’ Secondary Movement Within the European Union

Authors Gine Skov
Year 2016
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies
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53 Journal Article

A mixed-method study of expert psychological evidence submitted for a cohort of asylum seekers undergoing refugee status determination in Australia

Authors Kuo Wei Tay, Richard A. Bryant, Derrick Silove, ...
Year 2013
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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54 Journal Article

Between Illegalization, Toleration, and Recognition: Contested Asylum and Deportation Policies in Germany

Authors David Lorenz, Maren Kirchhoff
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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55 Book Chapter

Refugees and crises of law

Authors Simon Behrman
Year 2018
Journal Name Patterns of Prejudice
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56 Journal Article

Challenging repatriation as a durable solution: A critical discourse analysis of Kosova's repatriation strategy

Authors Kaltrina Kusari, Christine A. Walsh
Year 2021
Journal Name Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
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57 Journal Article

Who Is a Refugee? Uncertainty and Discretion in Asylum Decisions

Authors Tone Maia Liodden
Year 2021
Journal Name International Journal Of Refugee Law
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59 Journal Article

What drives 'soft deportation'? Understanding the rise in Assisted Voluntary Return among rejected asylum seekers in the Netherlands

Authors Arjen Leerkes, Rianne van Os, Eline Boersema
Year 2017
Journal Name Population, Space and Place
Citations (WoS) 1
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60 Journal Article

Constructing Immigrants: Portrayals of Migrant Groups in British National Newspapers, 2010–2012

Authors Scott Blinder, William L. Allen
Year 2016
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 26
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61 Journal Article

The End of Refugee Law?

Authors David James Cantor
Year 2017
Journal Name JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICE
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62 Journal Article

Corporeal Choreographies between Politics and the Political: Failed Asylum Seekers Moving from Body Politics to Bodyspaces

Authors Eeva Puumala, Samu Pehkonen
Year 2010
Journal Name International Political Sociology
Citations (WoS) 21
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63 Journal Article

Scaling rights: the ‘Turkey deal’ and the divided geographies of European responsibility

Authors Luiza Bialasiewicz, L Bialasiewicz, Enno Maessen
Year 2018
Journal Name Patterns of Prejudice
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65 Journal Article

What do we know about the International Organization for Migration?

Authors Antoine Pécoud, Antoine Pecoud
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 10
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66 Journal Article

Migrants' Post-Return Wellbeing: A View From the Caucasus

Authors Ine Lietaert
Year 2020
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
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67 Journal Article

Migrant and asylum-seeker children returned to Kosovo and Albania: predictive factors for social–emotional wellbeing after return

Authors Daniëlle Zevulun, Danielle Zevulun, Margrite E. Kalverboer, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 1
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69 Journal Article

A study of HIV positive undocumented African migrants' access to health services in the UK

Authors James Whyte, Maria D. Whyte, Kimberly Hires
Year 2015
Journal Name AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
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70 Journal Article

Who Is a Refugee? Political Subjectivity and the Categorisation of Somali Asylum Seekers in Sweden

Authors Å. Wettergren, A. Wettergren, H. Wikstrom, ...
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 12
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71 Journal Article

'No choice at all': Destitution or deportation? A commentary on the implementation of Section 9 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004

Authors Jo Cunningham, Jo Cunningham, Steve Cunningham, ...
Year 2007
Journal Name Critical Social Policy
Citations (WoS) 4
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73 Journal Article

A preoccupation with perversion: The British response to refugee claims on the basis of sexual orientation, 1989-2003

Authors Jenni Millbank
Year 2005
Journal Name Social & Legal Studies
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74 Journal Article

Secondary movements of Somalis within Europe

Description
'This research project will examine the recent phenomenon of secondary movements from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom among a differentiated group of Somali refugees and (rejected) asylum seekers. Researching the various reasons legal as well as illegal Somalis may have for this specific secondary movement will tell us something about contemporary asylum migration in Europe. The different migration systems in the UK and the Netherlands will also be analysed. The project will shed light on how people who have moved within Europe relate back to their first country of arrival. The fact that Somalis have moved onwards in such high numbers makes it an interesting case to study. Sussex University will be an excellent environment to conduct this research, because they have long research experience on asylum, they host researchers who work specifically on Somalis and a pilot research on secondary movements of Danish Somalis to the UK has been conducted there. The research method of 'life stories' will be applied in order to be able to research the decision making process of secondary movements in depth. The ones who have made an illegal secondary movement might be reluctant to talk about this secondary movement. But, as the Fellow will hark back to some of the Somali immigrants she has interviewed for her PhD research who were smuggled into the Netherlands but have left for Britain access will be relatively easy. The Fellow has built up some experience in conducting research in difficult settings and with vulnerable people, but this project will allow her to further develop these methodological skills.'
Year 2008
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75 Project

The Politics and Discourse of Migrant Return: The Role of UNHCR and IOM in the Governance of Return

Authors Anne Koch
Year 2014
Journal Name Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Citations (WoS) 16
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76 Journal Article

SECONDARY MOVEMENTS: Secondary movements of Somalis within Europe

Description
This research project will examine the recent phenomenon of secondary movements from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom among a differentiated group of Somali refugees and (rejected) asylum seekers. Researching the various reasons legal as well as illegal Somalis may have for this specific secondary movement will tell us something about contemporary asylum migration in Europe. The different migration systems in the UK and the Netherlands will also be analysed. The project will shed light on how people who have moved within Europe relate back to their first country of arrival. The fact that Somalis have moved onwards in such high numbers makes it an interesting case to study. Sussex University will be an excellent environment to conduct this research, because they have long research experience on asylum, they host researchers who work specifically on Somalis and a pilot research on secondary movements of Danish Somalis to the UK has been conducted there. The research method of ""life stories"" will be applied in order to be able to research the decision making process of secondary movements in depth. The ones who have made an illegal secondary movement might be reluctant to talk about this secondary movement. But, as the Fellow will hark back to some of the Somali immigrants she has interviewed for her PhD research who were smuggled into the Netherlands but have left for Britain access will be relatively easy. The Fellow has built up some experience in conducting research in difficult settings and with vulnerable people, but this project will allow her to further develop these methodological skills.
Year 2008
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77 Project

Humanitarian Protection Advocacy in East Asia: Charting a Path Forward

Authors Andrew Wolman
Year 2018
Journal Name Refugee Survey Quarterly
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78 Journal Article

Readmission, return and reintegration in Armenia

Authors Haykanush CHOBANYAN
Description
The projects are funded by the EU Return fund or by the individual EU countries. Projects involve limited categories of returnees, i.e. “voluntary”, “compulsory” and “forced” (these are mostly rejected asylum seekers and irregular migrants). The bulk of beneficiaries comprise returnees from the same countries. Different methods are used for organizing the activities of the appropriate entities (for example, the selection of a professional entity for all project components, and a legal contract with those entities). The working tools of the projects (e.g. needs assessment, statistical databases, etc.) for ensuring the effectiveness of the process and conducting analyses on different parameters also vary. ? Different types of support provided by reintegration projects (e.g. not all the projects have such components as educating children, social and psychological support and consultancy) Different levels of financing might not be sufficient for starting cost-effective businesses. Besides, returnees do not have their own funds to invest into businesses. In order to ensure the sustainable reintegration of returning migrants in Armenia, coordinated assistance should be provided to them. Otherwise, this deficiency can contribute to a situation where these people migrate from Armenia again.
Year 2013
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79 Report

Mass Influxes and Protection in Europe: A Reflection on a Temporary Episode of an Enduring Problem

Authors John Koo
Year 2018
Journal Name European Journal of Migration and Law
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80 Journal Article

What Determines the Embeddedness of Forced-Return Migrants? Rethinking the Role of Pre- and Post-Return Assistance

Authors Ruerd Ruben, Marieke van Houte, Tine Davids
Year 2009
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 26
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81 Journal Article

Precarious residents: migration control, membership and the rights of non-citizens

Description
This paper examines the situation of a subgroup of non-citizens found in virtually all contemporary states, what I call “precarious residents”. Precarious residents can be defined as non-citizens living in the state that possess few social, political or economic rights, are highly vulnerable to deportation, and have little or no option for making secure their immigration status. The archetypal precarious resident is the undocumented (or unlawful) migrant. However, there are many other barely tolerated individuals who also fit the appellation, such as asylum seekers (including ones whose claims have been rejected), guest workers, and individuals with temporary protection from deportation. I begin this paper by exploring the nature of precarious residence, discussing its dimensions, causes and manifestations in different national contexts. I move then to consider the human development consequences of precarious residence before exploring the question of the responsibilities of states to protect the rights and, in some cases, recognize the membership claims of these non-citizens.
Year 2009
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82 Report

The Global Refugee Crisis: Regional Destabilization & Humanitarian Protection

Authors Sarah Kenyon Lischer
Year 2017
Journal Name DAEDALUS
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84 Journal Article

Hospitality as a Horizon of Aspiration (or, What the International Refugee Regime Can Learn from Acehnese Fishermen)

Authors Anne McNevin, Antje Missbach
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Refugee Studies
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85 Journal Article

Protection Deficit: The Failure of Australia’s Offshore Processing Arrangements to Guarantee ‘Protection Elsewhere’ in the Pacific

Authors Madeline Gleeson
Year 2019
Journal Name International Journal Of Refugee Law
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86 Journal Article

Can labor immigration work for refugees?

Authors Martin RUHS
Year 2019
Journal Name Current History
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87 Journal Article

Non-citizen children and the right to stay ? a discourse ethical approach

Authors Jonathan Josefsson
Year 2019
Journal Name ETHICS & GLOBAL POLITICS
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88 Journal Article

Volunteering for Refugees in Europe: Civil Society, Solidarity, and Forced Migration along the Balkan Route amid the Failure of the Common European Asylum System

Principal investigator J. Olaf Kleist (Principal Investigator), Serhat Karakayalı (Principal Investigator)
Description
Amid rising numbers of asylum seekers arriving in the EU and migrating along the Balkan route in 2015, state, EU and traditional NGO institutions failed to adequately receive, register and care for the new arrivals. Instead, volunteers stepped in to provide humanitarian assistance. They are locals as well as citizens from other European countries who engage with the crisis for a variety of reasons, in a range of contexts and with varying consequences. This research project will examine personal motives, social structures and political conditions of volunteering for refugees in countries along the so-called Balkan route: in Greece, in Slovenia, and in former Yugoslav countries. Based on political process tracing, sociological-ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with volunteers, officials, locals and refugees we will devise country reports that will create the basis for a comparative study. Thus, we will interrogate whether we can witness in this refugee policies ’from below’ the creation of a particular, pro-immigration and human rights based European civil society or social movement.
Year 2016
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89 Project

Bangladeshi Fruit Vendors in the Streets of Paris: Vulnerable Asylum Seekers or Self-Imposed Victims of Exploitation?

Authors Donghyuk Park
Book Title Vulnerability, Exploitation and Migrants
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90 Book Chapter

How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands?

Authors Joop Hartog, Aslan Zorlu
Year 2009
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
Citations (WoS) 19
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91 Journal Article

“We Are Here to Stay” – Refugee Struggles in Germany Between Unity and Division

Authors Helge Schwiertz, Abimbola Odugbesan
Book Title Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation
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92 Book Chapter

Protecting Syrians in Turkey: A Legal Analysis

Authors Meltem Ineli-Ciger
Year 2017
Journal Name International Journal Of Refugee Law
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93 Journal Article

A study of the communication channels used by migrants and asylum seekers in Italy, with a particular focus on online and social media

Authors Gabriella SANCHEZ, Rezart HOXHAJ, Sabrina NARDIN, ...
Description
The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the information and communication channels that migrants use upon their arrival in Italy, and which may help determine their secondary movements. The pages that follow present findings drawn from surveys and interviews and focus groups carried out in Italy with 686 migrants (including irregular migrants, asylum seekers, and migrants who qualified for refugee status, humanitarian protection or subsidiary protection) during the second half of 2017. These findings are followed by recommendations involving the development of more effective mechanisms for migration information dissemination and for awareness-raising campaigns for migrants within the context of the EU’s Action Plan against Migrant Smuggling.
Year 2018
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94 Report

Forced Migration and "Rejected Alternatives": A Conceptual Refinement

Authors D Bartram
Year 2015
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies
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95 Journal Article

Who Is an Immigrant and Who Requires Integration? Categorizing in European Policies

Authors Marleen van der Haar, Liza Mügge
Book Title Integration Processes and Policies in Europe
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96 Book Chapter

National Immigration and Integration Policies in Europe Since 1973

Authors María Bruquetas-Callejo, Jeroen Doomernik
Book Title Integration Processes and Policies in Europe
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97 Book Chapter

From Right to Permission: Asylum, Mediterranean Migrations, and Europe’s War on Smuggling

Authors Maurizio Albahari
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal on Migration and Human Security
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98 Journal Article

Against the Alienage Condition for Refugeehood

Authors Eilidh Beaton
Year 2020
Journal Name LAW AND PHILOSOPHY
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99 Journal Article

“Being beaten like a drum”. Violence, humanitarianism and resilience of women in refugee camps

Authors Ulrike Krause, Hannah Schmidt
Year 2018
Journal Name GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft
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100 Journal Article
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